BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 Exam With Verified Questions and Answers
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Course
BHSC 1200
Institution
BHSC 1200
BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 Exam With Verified
Questions and Answers
Define anatomy and physiology - answeranatomy: science of body structures and the
relationships among them
physiology: science of body function
describe the structural organization of the human body from simplest to most complex -
a...
BHSC 1200 Midterm 1 Exam With Verified
Questions and Answers
Define anatomy and physiology - answer✔✔anatomy: science of body structures and the
relationships among them
physiology: science of body function
describe the structural organization of the human body from simplest to most complex -
answer✔✔1) chemical: atoms and molecules
2) cellular: molecules combine to form cells
3) tissue: groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a
particular function
4) organ: structures composed of two or more different types of tissues; have specific functions
and recognizable shapes
5) system: related organs with a common function
6) organismal: all parts of the human body functioning together
define homeostasis - answer✔✔-maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body's
internal environment
-maintains volume and composition of body fluids
define homeostatic feedback system - answer✔✔cycle of events in which the status of a body
condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on
describe components of homeostatic feedback system - answer✔✔1) receptor: body structure
that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control centre
2) control centre: sets the set point within which a controlled condition should be maintained,
evaluates the input it receives from receptors, & generates output commands when they are
needed
3) effector: body structure that received output from the control centre and produces a response
or effect that changes the controlled conditions
describe and provide an example of a negative feedback system - answer✔✔-the response of the
effector negates the stimulus; body is brought back into homeostasis; normal range is achieved;
leads to stability
ex/ regulation of blood pressure:
stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing controlled condition (blood pressure). receptor
(baroreceptors) send input (nerve impulse) to control centre (brain). Brain sends output (nerve
impulse) to effector (heart and blood vessels) . A response (lower heart rate and dilate blood
vessels) occurs which brings blood pressure back to normal range
describe and provide an example of a positive feedback system - answer✔✔-the response of the
effector increases/reinforces change of the stimulus
-body is moved away from homeostasis
-normal range is lost
-used to speed up processes
-leads to instability because output becomes progressively stronger as it is fed back and
reamplified
ex/ contractions during childbirth:
stimulus (contractions of uterine wall forcing baby's head into cervix) increases the controlled
condition (stretching of cervix). receptors (stretch-sensitive nerve cells in cervix) send input
(nerve impulse) to the control centre (brain). Brain sends output (oxytocin) to effectors (muscles
in uterine wall contract) causing a response (body stretches cervix more). Response increases
stimulus until cycle is interrupted (baby is born)
describe anatomical position - answer✔✔-standing erect
-head level, eyes forward
-lower limbs are parallel, feet flat on floor and toes facing forward
-upper limbs are at the sides, palms facing forward
superior/inferior - answer✔✔superior: toward the head or upper part of a structure
inferior: away from the head or lower part of a structure
anterior/posterior - answer✔✔anterior: nearer to or at the front of the body
posterior: nearer to or at the back of the body
medial/lateral - answer✔✔medial: nearer to the midline
lateral: farther from the midline
ipsilateral/contralateral - answer✔✔ipsilateral: on the same side of the body as another structure
contralateral: on the opposite side of the body as another structure
proximal/distal - answer✔✔proximal: nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
distal: farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
superficial/deep - answer✔✔superficial: toward or on the surface of the skin
deep: away from the surface of the body
sagittal plane
midsagittal plane
parasagittal plane - answer✔✔sagittal: vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and
left sides, 2 types:
midsagittal: divides the body or organ into equal left and right sides
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