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COMD 5070 Exam 2/33 Q’s and A’s/ Distinction Rated
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COMD 5070 Exam 2/33 Q’s and A’s/Distinction Rated
1. Calculate average air flow
A: 1 liters of air used in 10 seconds
B: 3 liters of air used in 20 seconds - -Divide Volume by Time
flow=air/time
Example:
If 1 liter of air is used and phonation lasts for 5 seconds
Average flow is 1/5 liter per second
(keep in mind that flow at a given instant may be different)
A: 1/10
B: 3/20
-2. U-tube manometer
How does it work?
What is it best used for?
What are its limitations? - --Measures static pressure (as opposed to
dynamic)
-Measures in cmH2O (how many cm of water is displaced by the pressure).
-Pressure is applied to one side. You measure the displacement to find the
pressure.
Best Used for: Calibration for electronic equipment that measures pressure.
Limitations:
Very low tech
Not very good for speech production (because pressures change rapidly and
subtly)
-3. Measuring speech breathing
[How do the ribcage and abdomen move as we speak or sing?] - -Through
chest wall movements:
-Stretchable bands around the abdomen and ribcage to measure movement
inhale: rib cage and abdomen expand
exhale: rib cage and abdomen contract
measured by variable inductance plethysmograph
, When you breathe in the diaphragm flattens out and pulls the base of the
lung downward this expands the volume inside the lungs and decreases the
pressure causing a person to breathe in; also pushes down on abdominal
viscera causing the belly to expand outwards
-4. Subglottal pressure
[What is it? How much is enough for speaking?Abbreviations?] - -Subglottal
pressure: Ps or Psub
-Pressure that the lungs provide that goes up the trachea to the larynx.
-Driving pressure that makes speech happen
Speaking: 5-7 cmH2O
Very loud: 15-20 cmH2O
lower for pulse register
higher for falsetto
-5. Phonation threshold pressure
[What influences it?] - -PTP: Pressure needed to get the vocal folds to start
vibrating.
3-5 cmH2O to start
Increases from:
-Dehydration
-Vocal Fatigue
Influences:
-Folds are looser=easy onset; Less pressure needed
-Folds stiffer=harsh onset; More pressure needed
-Abrupt start; More pressure
-Lesions; More pressure due to more mass
-Pathologies(disorders); stiffens vocal folds
-6. Definitions of flow and pressure: - -Pressure = force per unit area
Subglottic pressure coming from lungs to drive the voice
Flow: Flow of air that goes through larynx during phonation
Resistance: Resisting force created by vocal fold adduction
-7. When is oral pressure higher or lower during speech? - -Higher:During
Falsetto register
Stops
Quite high for fricatives
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