PSIO 303: Exam 3 Quiz Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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PSIO 303:
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PSIO 303:
Insulin increases glucose transport into skeletal muscle cells by: - Increasing translocation of GLUT-
4-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane
An inhibitor of the serine kinase GSK-3beta will have all of the following effects on insulin-resistant
skeletal muscle except:
- Cause decreased s...
PSIO 303: Exam 3 Quiz Questions
Insulin increases glucose transport into skeletal muscle cells by: - Increasing translocation of GLUT-
4-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane
An inhibitor of the serine kinase GSK-3beta will have all of the following effects on insulin-resistant
skeletal muscle except:
- Cause decreased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in the presence of insulin.
- Cause increased insulin-stimulated glucose transport.
- Cause decreased insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation.
- Cause reduced serine kinase activity of GSK-3beta. - Cause decreased insulin-stimulated tyrosine
phosphorylation.
Which of the following statements about HGP in the Metabolic Syndrome is true?
- One adaptation contributing to elevated HGP is a greater parasympathetic activation of the α-cells.
- An increase in HGP is observed in all individuals with Metabolic Syndrome.
- An increase in HGP precedes the phase of compensatory hyperinsulinemia.
- One adaptation contributing to elevated HGP is an increase in lipolysis - One adaptation
contributing to elevated HGP is an increase in lipolysis
ACh receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that permit the movement of what ion when ACh binds? -
Na+
Adenylate cyclase uses the substrate _____ to form the second messenger chemical _____, and the
increase in this second messenger chemical causes the activation of the enzyme named _____. -
ATP; cAMP; PKA
Based on our limited body of knowledge regarding the details of Alpha cell regulation during the
development of type 2 diabetes, which of the following is FALSE?
- SNS overactivity will affect α-adrenergic receptors on the α-cell, increasing glucagon release.
- Just like β-cells, under oxidative stress α-cells are targeted by the apoptotic activity of caspases.
,- Preserved function of α-cells in the absence of sufficient insulin secretion by β-cells can exacerbate
hyperglycemia.
- Glucagon release by α-cells can increase as local insulin levels decrease due to a removal of inhibition. -
Just like β-cells, under oxidative stress α-cells are targeted by the apoptotic activity of caspases.
Enzymes which remove phosphates from cellular proteins are called __________, whereas enzymes
which add phosphates to cellular proteins are called __________. - Phosphatases; kinases
Excess SNS signaling to pancreatic α-cells will result in enhanced glucagon secretion. This simulatory
effect requires which of the following cell signaling events? - It requires an increase in intracellular
Ca2+ levels, causing enhanced exocytosis of glucagon-containing vesicles.
Exercise results in increased sympathetic nerve activity to the pancreas which is associated with
decreased insulin secretion by the Beta cells. Which of the following is NOT involved in that process?
- G-protein coupled receptors
- cAMP
- Norepinephrine
- Gq
- PKA - Gq
For hepatocytes, which of the following events will not occur in response to excessive serine
phosphorylation of IR and IRS?
- diminished suppression of glycogenolysis by insulin
- diminished HGP
- diminished suppression of gluconeogenesis by insu\lin
- decreased insulin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and IRS - diminished HGP
For the signal transduction process, the "transmission and modulation" steps specifically involve -
the amplification of intracellular signaling due to multiple steps, for example by the
phosphorylation of effector proteins or enzymes.
, From the list below, identify the adipokine which can positively affect insulin action in a variety of cell
types, including myocytes.
- TNF-α
- resistin
- adiponectin
- Angiotensinogen - adiponectin
Glucose delivery to skeletal muscle tissue is reduced in the Metabolic Syndrome due to all of the
following mechanisms EXCEPT:
- Impaired insulin stimulation of eNOS in smooth muscle cells
- Less blood flow to the capillaries perfusing the muscle
- Decreased transendothelial glucose transport via GLUT-1
- Reduced NO-stimulated vasodilation of arterioles - Impaired insulin stimulation of eNOS in
smooth muscle cells
High levels of glucose will have all of the following effects on the Alpha cell EXCEPT?
- Inhibition of glucagon release.
- Activation of Na+ channels and membrane repolarization.
- Increased glucose entry via transport using GLUT-1.
- Lack of the opening of Ca2+ channels and no change in intracellular Ca2+ levels. - Activation of
Na+ channels and membrane repolarization.
In Metabolic Syndrome, which of the following characteristics of cardiovascular disease (CVD) begins to
develop before the deterioration of insulin secretory function (and thus before any transition to a
diabetic state)?
- Atherogenesis (the formation of fatty plaques in the arteries)
- elevated hepatic glucose production (HGP)
- microvascular complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy
- elevated fasting blood glucose levels - Atherogenesis (the formation of fatty plaques in the
arteries)
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