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Porths Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th Edition By Tommie Norris
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Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Norris, ISBN: 9781975107192 , All 52 Chapters Covered, Verified Latest Edition
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Test Bank For Porths Essentials of Pathophysiology 5th EditionBy Tommie Norris 9781975107192 | Chapter 1-52 | All
Chapters with Answers and Rationals
The circulatory system delivers ? and nutrients needed for metabolic processes to the tissues,
carries ? products from the tissues to the kidneys and other excretory organs for elimination, and
circulates electrolytes and needed to regulate body function. - ANSWER: oxygen, waste
The circulatory system can be divided into two parts: the ? circulation and the ? circulation. -
ANSWER: pulmonary, systemic
The ? circulation consists of the left heart, the aorta and its branches, the capillaries that supple the
brain and peripheral tissues, and the systemic venous system and the vena cava. - ANSWER: systemic
The ? circulation consists of the right heart, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary capillaries, and the
pulmonary veins - ANSWER: pulmonary
The ? pressure of the pulmonary circulation allows blood to move through the lungs more slowly,
which is important for gas exchange. - ANSWER: low
The ? function as collection chambers for blood, and the ? are the main pumping chambers of the
heart. - ANSWER: atria, ventricles
Because it is a closed system, the effective function of the circulatory system requires that the outputs
of both sides of the heart pump the ? amount of blood over time. - ANSWER: same
Blood flow in the circulatory system depends on a blood ? that is sufficient to fill the blood vessels and
a ? difference across the system that provides the force to move blood forward. - ANSWER: volume,
pressure
The term ? refers to the principles that govern blood flow in the circulatory system. - ANSWER:
hemodynamics
Because blood flow is directly related to the radius, small changes in vessel radius can produce ?
changes in flow to an organ or tissue. - ANSWER: large
? is the resistance to flow caused by the friction of molecules in a fluid. - ANSWER: viscosity
? blood flow may predispose an individual to clot formation as platelets and other coagulation factors
are exposed to the endothelial lining of the vessel. - ANSWER: turbulent
Wall tension inversely related to wall thickness, such that the ? the vessel wall, the lower then
tension. - ANSWER: thicker
The total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given portion of the circulation for each millimeter
rise in pressure is termed compliance, and reflects that ? of the blood vessel. - ANSWER: distensibility
The ? and ? valves control the movement of blood out of the ventricles - ANSWER: aortic, pulmonic
The electrical activity, recorded on the electrocardiogram, ? the mechanical events of the cardiac
cycle. - ANSWER: precedes
, The aorta is highly ? and as such stretches during systole to accommodate the blood that is being
ejected from the left heart during systole. - ANSWER: elastic
? is marked by ventricular relaxation and filling. - ANSWER: diastole
The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes ( approx. 70 mL) is called the ? -
ANSWER: stroke volume
The efficiency of the heart as a pump often is measured in terms of the ? or the amount of blood the
heart pumps each minute. - ANSWER: cardiac output
the stroke volume divided by the end-diastolic volume is the ? fraction. - ANSWER: ejection
the ? refers to the maximum percentage of increase in cardiac output that can be achieved above the
normal resting level. - ANSWER: cardiac reserve
The ? mechanism allows the heart to adjust its pumping ability to accommodate various levels of
venous return. - ANSWER: Frank-Starling
The ? determines the frequency with which blood is ejected from the heart. - ANSWER: heart rate
The outermost layer of a blood vessel, the ?, is composed primarily of loosely woven collagen fibers.
The middle layer of the blood vessel, the ?, is largely a smooth muscle layer. The innermost layer of
the blood vessel, the ?, consists of a single layer of flattened endothelial cells. - ANSWER: tunica
adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima
The ? represents the energy that is transmitted from molecule to molecule along the length of the
vessel. - ANSWER: arterial pressure pulse
With peripheral arterial disease, there is a delay in the transmission of the reflected wave so that the
pulse ? in amplitude. - ANSWER: decreases
Pressure in the right atrium is called the ? - ANSWER: central venous pressure
? in the veins of extremities prevent retrograde flow with the help of skeletal muscles that surround
and intermittently compress the leg veins to move blood forward to the heart. - ANSWER: valves
? of blood flow is mediated by changes in blood vessel tone due to changes in flow through the vessel
or by local tissue factors. - ANSWER: autoregulation
An increase in local blood flow is called ? - ANSWER: hyperemia
In the heart and other vital structures, ? channels exist between some of the smaller arteries. -
ANSWER: anastomotic
The term ? refers to the functions of the smallest blood vessels, the capillaries, and the neighboring
lymphatic vessels. - ANSWER: microcirculation
Water-filled junctions, called the ?, join the capillary endothelial cells and provide a pathway for
passage of substances through the capillary wall. - ANSWER: capillary pores
The key factor that restrains fluid loss from the capillaries is the ? pressure generated by the plasma
proteins. - ANSWER: colloidal osmotic
The neural control centers for the integration and modulation of cardiac function and blood pressure
are located bilaterally in the ? - ANSWER: medulla oblongata
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