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(PSYCHIATRY)PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY II: BIPOLAR DISORDER & SCHIZOPHRENIA 100% SOLVED
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(PSYCHIATRY)PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY II: BIPOLAR DISORDER & SCHIZOPHRENIA 100% SOLVED
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(PSYCHIATRY)PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY II: BIPOLARDISORDER & SCHIZOPHRENIA 100% SOLVED
what is Psychosis and how does it present?
Answers - a syndrome characterized by a distorted or non-existent sense of reality,
reflected in:
Positive Symptoms:
[+] Delusions - false beliefs,
[+] Hallucinations - a sensory experience of something that does not exist outside
the mind,
[+] Disorganized speech
[+] Disorganized or agitated behavior
[+] i.e., 'positive symptoms' are typically responsive to pharmacotherapy
Negative Symptoms:
[-] Apathy - a lack of feeling or emotion,
[-] Avolition - a lack of interest or engagement in goal-directed behavior,
[-] Alogia - inability to speak, difficulty in speaking, reduced fluency of speech
what is The Dopamine Hypothesis of psychoses?
Answers The underlying pathophysiologic basis of psychoses is hyperactivity of
dopaminergic D2 receptor neurotransmission.
Note: substances that directly increase dopamine availability at synapses, e.g.
Cocaine, Amphetamine, L-dopa (Parkinson's disease treatment), pose a high risk
for drug-induced psychosis.
dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia:
, __________-activity of ____________ receptor neurotransmission in subcortical
and limbic brain regions contributes to positive symptoms, whereas negative and
cognitive symptoms can be attributed to ________-functionality of
_____________ receptor neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex.
Answers hyperactivity
dopamine D2
hypo-functionality
dopamine D1
Name 3 Typical (Conventional) Antipsychotic Drugs:
Answers 1. Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists (with other antagonistic effects,
e.g., adrenergic, muscarinic, serotonergic): Phenothiazines:
- Chlorpromazine
- Thioridazine
2. Selective Dopaminergic Antagonist:
- Haloperidol
*these have strong side effects!*
what is Haloperidol
Answers A Selective Dopaminergic Antagonist
- Typical (Conventional) Antipsychotic drug
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