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Polit & Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research, 4th Edition (Woo, 9781496301468)
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Test Bank - Polit & Beck Canadian Essentials of NursingResearch, 4th Edition (Woo, 9781496301468), Chapter 1-18 |
Rationals Included
evidence-based practice - ANSWER: decisions based on the best available evidence and clinical
judgement, and patient preferences, in making patient care decisions, and best evidence from
collegial research by nurses and other professionals.
research - ANSWER: a systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions or solve
problems.
nursing research - ANSWER: systematic inquiry designed to generate trustworthy evidence about
important issues to the nursing profession, ie nursing practice, education, admin, and informatics.
clinical nursing research - ANSWER: research to guide nursing practice and the quality of life for
nursing clients.
journal club - ANSWER: involves meetings to discuss research articles
translational research - ANSWER: research on how findings from studies can best be translated into
practice.
replication - ANSWER: the repeated efforts of studies with different clients, different settings, and at
different times to ensure that the findings are robust.
systematic reviews - ANSWER: a cornerstone of EBP and take on increasing importance in all health
disciplines.
innovation - ANSWER: creative and innovative solutions to recurrent practice problems.
Expanded local research in health care settings - ANSWER: small studies designed to solve local
problems.
strengthening of interdisciplinary collaborations - ANSWER: collaboration of nurses with researchers
in related fields is likely to expand in the 21st century as researchers address fundamental healthcare
problems.
expanded dissertation of research findings - ANSWER: the internet and other electronic
communications have an impact on disseminating research information, which in turn helps to
promote EBP.
Increased focus on cultural issues and health disparities - ANSWER: the issue of health disparities has
emerged as a central concern in nursing and other health disciplines, thus raising consciousness about
the cultural sensitivity of health interventions and the cultural competence of health care workers.
clinical significance and patient input - ANSWER: research findings increasingly must meet the test of
being clinically significant and patients have taken center stage in efforts to define clinical significance.
evidence hierarchy - ANSWER: acknowledgement that certain types of evidence are better than
others.
inductive reasoning - ANSWER: involves developing generalizations from specific observations.
, deductive reasoning - ANSWER: involves developing specific predictions from general principles.
paradigm - ANSWER: worldview, a general perspective on the complexities of the world.
positivism - ANSWER: logical positivism guided by philosophers such as Mill, Newton and Locke, also
referred to as modernism, in the humanities, emphasis on rational and scientific thought.
assumption - ANSWER: a basic principal that is believed to be true without proof or verification
determinism - ANSWER: positivists belief that phenomena are not haphazard but have antecedent
causes.
post-positivist paradigm - ANSWER: a remaining belief in reality and the desire to understand it,
seeing the impossibility of total objectivity.
probabilistic - ANSWER: learning the true state of a phenomenon [probably]
constructivist paragdigm - ANSWER: began as a countermovement to positivism, with writers such as
Weber and Kant, the assumption that knowledge is maximized when the distance between the
inquirer and those under study is minimized.
research methods - ANSWER: techniques used by researchers to structure a study and to gather and
analyze information relevant to the research question.
quantitative research - ANSWER: more closely allied with positivism, precise measurement and
quantification, often involves rigorous and controlled design.
qualitative research - ANSWER: investigation of phenomena, typically an in depth and holistic fashion,
through the collection of rich narrative materials using a flexible research design.
scientific method - ANSWER: a set of orderly, disciplined procedures used to acquire information.
SYSTEMATIC - ANSWER: the investigator progresses logically through a series of steps according to a
specified plan of action.
empirical evidence - ANSWER: is rooted in objective reality and gathered though he senses.
generalizability - ANSWER: to the degree to which the findings can be generalized to individuals rather
than those who participated in the study.
applied research - ANSWER: seeks solutions to existing problems and tends to be of greater
immediate utility for EBP
Cause-probing - ANSWER: meant to illuminate the underlying causes of phenomena.
intervention research - ANSWER: how to prevent problems or solve them, critical to EBP.
research utilization - ANSWER: use of findings from a study or set of studies in a practical application
that is unrelated to the original research.
knowledge transition - ANSWER: efforts to enhance systematic change in clinical practice
translation science - ANSWER: developing methods to grow knowledge translation.
evidence hierarchies - ANSWER: rank evidence according to strength, in most cases RCTs are at the
top of the list.
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