Why are preconception care and screening important?
to ensure the health and safety of the mother and baby
What are the risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes?
Isotretinoin
alcohol misuse
antiepileptic drugs
diabetes
folic acid deficiency
Hep B
HIV/AIDS
Rubella
Obesity
STI
Smoking
Isotretinoin risk during pregnancy
(Accutane)
while used during pregnancy can cause cleft palate, congenital heart defects
hearing loss and microcephaly
alcohol misuse during pregnancy
consumption during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol syndrome
,Antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy
Known teratogens
prescribed a low dose if considering pregnancy
Diabetes during pregnancy
Risks of birht defects are substantially reduced by women who manage their type 1
or 2 appropriately
Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy
400mcg/day has been demonstrated to reduce the risk fo neural tube defects by 2/3s
Hepatitis B during pregnancy
Vaccinations is recommended to prevent HPV infections in both men and women.
Babys born with hepatitis are at risk for liver failure cirrhosis and death
HIV/AIDS during pregnancy
timely antiretrovirals to prevent mother to child transmission
Rubella during pregnancy
Rubella infection during pregnancy can lead to fetal death, premature delivery, and
a myriad of congenital abnormalities.
Obesity during pregnancy
neural tube defects, preterm delivery, diabetes HTN and thromboembolic disease
are risks perinatal maternal obesetiy
STIs during pregnancy
,Chlamydia nad gonorrhoea associated with ectopic pregnancy. STI's untreated
during pregnancy are result in disabilites, blindness and death
what are the steps of a prenatal visit for a woman at the physicians office?
Step 1: health history
Step 2: Urine specimen
Step 3: Physical exam
Step 4:
Step 5: intake standardized questions (LMP)
Step 6: ultrasound if indicated
Step 7: physical and pelvic exam
Step 8: labs
Step 9: Prenatal education
Step 10: schedule return visit
What are the four reason for performing an ultrasound at the first prenatal visit?
1. locations (not ectopic)
2. viability (HR)
3. number of fetuses
4. size of fetus to confirm EDD
what is the purpose of the pelvic exam at the first prenatal visit?
Pelvic measurements taken to determine the ability of the fetus to be birth vaginally
(especially for first time)
, What labs are taken at the first prenatal visit?
CBC
Blood typing
Rubella Titer
Hep B
HIV testing
STI screen
Cervical smears
Why is a CBC essential for prenatal visits?
assess presence of anemia, infection, and platelet count for clotting ability
What is determined during blood typing at a prenatal visit?
the womans blood time and Rh factor to rule out incompatability issues early
What is detected during a rubella titer during a prenatal visit
antibodies for rubella. If the woman has less than 1:8 titer the baby will be a rubella
vaccine after birth
Why are women screened for Hep B at prenatal visits?
to determine the presence of Hep B
why are women screened for HIV at prenatal visits?
To detect the presence of HIV antibodies. If postive the woman will need
antiretroviral medication to prevent transmission to the fetus
What STIs are screen at a prenatal visit?
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