What is leukemia? - ANS The uncontrolled production of immature WBCs ("blast" cells) in the bone marrow. This over crowds the bone marrow with immature, nonfunctional cells and decreases the production of normal blood cells
What is cancer staging? - ANS Staging determines the e...
CHA 2 Exam 2- Cancer and GI Questions
And Answers
What is leukemia? - ANS The uncontrolled production of immature WBCs ("blast" cells) in
the bone marrow. This over crowds the bone marrow with immature, nonfunctional cells and
decreases the production of normal blood cells
What is cancer staging? - ANS Staging determines the exact location of the cancer and its
degree of metastasis at diagnosis
Explain cytoreductive surgery in the cancer patient - ANS Removes part of the tumor when
removals of entire mass is not possible. It is also known as "debulking" surgery and decreases
the size of the tumor and number of cancer cells, which can alleviate symptoms and enhance
the success of other types of cancer treatments. Could increase survival time
Explain cancer grading 1 - ANS Closely resembles normal cells, low grade malignant
change, slow growing
Explain cancer grading 2 - ANS moderately differentiated, retains some characteristics of
normal cells but more malignant characteristics
Explain cancer grading 3 - ANS poorly differentiated but tissue of origin can be
established; few normal characteristics
Explain cancer grading 4 - ANS No normal cells, poorly differentiated
Explain how a cancer cell differs from a normal cell - ANS The development of cancer
cells is due to the continual unregulated proliferation (dividing) of the specific cells whereas
normal cells respond appropriately to signals within the body to turn on and off cell
differentiation and division. Normal- Apoptosis, cancer cells don't have that cell death
Identify 3 psychosocial concerns a newly diagnosed cancer patient may face after receiving
their diagnosis - ANS 1. anxiety
2. Fear
3. Depression
4. Stress
5. Anger/Frustration
, Explain what palliative treatment is in the care of a patient with cancer - ANS Focuses on
providing symptom relief and improving quality of life but is not curative. Example removal of
tumor that is causing pain, obstructions or difficulty swallowing, and the treatment of neuropathic
pain from bone metastasis, pain management
What is secondary cancer prevention? - ANS Secondary prevention of cancer includes
regular screenings and genetics screenings.
Some examples include breast examinations, yearly mammograms, yearly pap smears between
the ages of 21-35, colonoscopy at age 50, and prostate exams starting at age 50.
What is primary cancer prevention? - ANS Avoidance of known or potential carcinogens.
For example: use skin protection, do not use tobacco.
Modify associated factors: diet &decreased alcohol to decrease risk of colon cancer, safer sex
practices.
Explain what encopresis is? - ANS The repeated passing of stool (usually involuntarily)
into clothing. Typically it happens when impacted stool collects in the colon and rectum. The
colon becomes too full liquid stool leaks around the retained stool and stains underwear
Provide 2 examples of education given to a patient with severe diarrhea due to ulcerative colitis
- ANS 1. Drink plenty of fluids
2. Monitor labs and electrolytes
3. Avoid carbonated drinks, prune juice, milk
4. Eat small meals
List 2 examples of education you will give to someone with a diverticulitis diagnosis - ANS
1. Treated with bed rest
2. Stool softeners
3. Fiber-rich diet
4. Avoid fruits and fruits that contain seeds
5. Avoid dairy
What is a stoma - ANS A stoma is any opening in the body. Any Hollow organ can be
manipulated into an artificial stoma necessary
What does ideal stoma look like - ANS Should be pink-red, moist and not dry or cracked.
Should NOT be purplish or blue
What are 3 possible complications from Crohn's Disease - ANS 1. Hemorrhage
2. Sepsis
3. Hypokalemia
4. Anemia
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