Hondros Nur 160 Exam 2
Causes of hypocalcemia - ✔✔Vitamin D deficiency, diuretic use, severe burns, renal failure
Constipation medication - ✔✔Reglan
COPD - ✔✔Chronic airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Included chronic bronchitis and
emphysema
Crackles/rales - ✔✔Fluid in lungs usually heard on inspiration
Croup/stridor - ✔✔Barking sound as air passes through narrowed upper airways
Decreasing risk for infection with oxygen use - ✔✔-remove mask or collar and cleanse with water two or
three times a day.
-cleanse the skin carefully at this time and observe for cuts scratches and ecchymosis.
-change disposable equipment frequently.
-remove secretions that are expectorated.
Early signs of hypoxia - ✔✔Agitation, confusion, restlessness
ECV deficit symptoms - ✔✔Sudden wight loss, skin tenting, dry membranes, vascular overload: rapid
threads pulse, BP drop, lightheadedness, low urine output, syncope, possible shock.
ECV excess symptoms - ✔✔Sudden weight gain, dependent edema, Vascular overload: bounding pulse,
distended neck veins, dyspnea, pulmonary edema.
Emphysema - ✔✔Characterized by changes in the alveolar walls and capillaries. Dyspnea on exsertion.
, Gas exchange impairment symptoms - ✔✔Coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain
HCO3 normal values - ✔✔21-29
Hypercalcemia symptoms - ✔✔Decreased neuromuscular excitability: anorexia, nausea, constipation,
muscle weakness, diminished reflexes, decreased LOC, cardiac dysrhythmias. >11.0 mg/dL >5.7 mEq/L
Hyperkalemia symptoms - ✔✔Flaccid muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest. >5.0
mEq/L
Hypermagnesemia symptoms - ✔✔Decreased neuromuscular excitability: flushing, diaphoresis,
diminished reflexes, hypotension, decreased LOC, muscle weakness, respiratory depression,
bradycardia, cardiac dysrhythmias. >2.5 mEq/L
Hypernatremia symptoms - ✔✔Impaired cerebral function: decreased LOC, thirst, seizures. >145 mEq/L
Hypocalcemia symptoms - ✔✔Increased neuromuscular excitability: positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's
signs, muscle cramping, twitching, hyperactive reflexes, carpal and pedal spasms, tetany, seizures,
cardiac dysrhythmias. <9.0 mg/dL <4.5 mEq/L
Hypokalemia symptoms - ✔✔Flaccid muscle weakness, abdominal distinction, constipation, Portugal
hypotension, polyuria, cardiac dysrhythmias. <3.5 mEq/L
Hypomagnesemia symptoms - ✔✔Increased neuromuscular excitability: positive Chvostek's and
Trousseau's signs, insomnia, hyperactive reflexes, muscles cramps/ twitching, uncontrolled eye
movement, tetany, seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias. <1.5 mEq/L
Hyponatremia symptoms - ✔✔Impaired cerebral function: decreased LOC, nausea, seizures. <130 mEq/L
Inhaler patient teaching - ✔✔If using same inhaler, 20sec-1min between puffs. If using different inhaler,
5 mins between puffs.
