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NUR 400 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR 400 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR 400 MIDTERM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
evidencesbasedspractices(EBP)s-ans--
·sEvidencesbasedspractice:sthesintegrationsofsthesbestsresearchsevidenceswithsclinicalsexpe
rtisesandspatients'sneedssandsvalues
·sEBPsissnotsas"onessizesfitssall"sapproachstoshealthcare
·sEBPsissnotsascost-cuttingspracticesorsmethodsforsrationingshealthcaresservices
FlorencesNightingales-ans--Earlysnursingstheory
●sMostspeoplesagreesthatsresearchsinsnursingsbeganswithsFlorencesNightingalesinsthesmids1
9thscentury
●sNightingale'ssEnvironmentalsTheory
○s"Whatsnursingshasstosdosisstosputsthespatientsinsthesbestsconditionsforsnaturestosactsuponshi
m"
○sDerivedsfromsobservationssaboutspatientsexperience
·sNightingaleshadsdiscoveredsthatsthesmajoritysofsdeathssinsthesCrimeasweresduestospoorssa
nitationsrathersthanscasualtiessinsbattle.sSheswantedstospersuadesthesgovernmentsofsthesne
edsforsbettershygienesinshospitals
·sItswassdiscoveredsthatsthesBarracksHospitalswassbuiltsonsassewer,smeaningspatientssweres
drinkingscontaminatedswater.sTheshospital,salongswithsothersBritishsarmyshospitals,swassflu
shedsoutsandsventilationsimproved.sConsequently,sthesdeathsratesbeganstosfall.
LevelssofsEvidences-ans--●sMeta-
analysissofsrandomizedscontrolledstrialssaresatsthespinnaclesofstraditionalsevidenceshierarch
iessforstherapysquestions
●sThesessencesofsasmeta-
analysississthatsfindingssfromseachsstudysaresusedstoscomputesascommonsindexs(anseffectss
ize)
Effectssizessaresaveragedsacrosssstudies,syieldingsinformationsaboutsthesrelationship
Experimentals-ans--○sResearchersactivelysintroducessinterventionstosaddresssasquestion
○sExplicitlysdesignedstostestscausalsrelationships
○sClinicalstrial
Non-experimentals-ans--○sResearchersobserves,sbutsdoessnotsintervene
○sCollectsdataswithoutsintroducingstreatments
○sObservationalsstudy
QualitativesStudiess-ans--●sUnderstandingspeople'ssperceptionsofsreality
, ●sDatasaresbasedsonsobservations,snarratives,spictures,sandstextsthatscansbessummarizedst
hroughsthemes,scategories,sorsothersunits
PICOTsQuestions-ans--●sP:spopulationsofsinterest
●sI:sinterventionsorsissuesofsinterest
●sC:scomparisonsofsinterest
●sO:soutcomesexpected
●sT:stimesneededsforsthesinterventionstosachievesthesoutcomesorsthestimesinsthescoursesofsth
esdisease/ssymptomsthatsthesinterventionsissapplied
Theorys-ans--
●sTwosorsmoresconceptssandsassetsofspropositionssthatsformsaslogicallysinterrelatedssystem,
sprovidingsasmechanism sforsdeducingshypotheses
●sAbstractsgeneralizationsthatsexplainsshowsphenomenasaresrelated
●sModel:srepresentationsofsphenomenasandstheirsinterrelationshipss(diagram)
●sFramework:sunderpinningsasstudys(overallsrationale)
NursingsTheoriess-ans--●sUsuallysdescribedsinsthreeslevels
○sGrand:sattemptsstosexplainslargesaspectssofshumansexperiences(mostsabstract)
○sMiddle-
range:sfocusessonsasspecificsaspectsofshumansexperiences(i.e.sstress,scomfort,shealthsprom
otion)
○sPractice:sdevelopedsforsuseswithinsasspecificsrangesofsnursingssituationss(limited,sleastsab
stract)
Quantitatives-ans--○sUnderstandingsasrealitysthatsexists
○sDatasaresbasedsonssurveys,sbiologicalsmeasuressandsotherssourcessthatscansbesquantifie
dsnumerically
○sTypes
■sDescriptive
■sCorrelational
■sQuasi-experimental
■sExperimental
Qualitatives-ans--○sUnderstandingspeople'ssperceptionsofsreality
○sDatasaresbasedsonsobservations,snarratives,spictures,sandstextsthatscansbessummarizedst
hroughsthemes,scategories,sorsothersunits
○sTypes
■sPhenomenological
■sGroundedstheory
■sEthnographic
■sHistoricalsresearch
Basics-ans--■sExtendingsinformationsforsthessakesofsknowledge
■sDiscoversasvaccinesthatsyousfindsinsaslab
■sFindingsoutsnewsinformation
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