MCBM Unit 1 - Set 1/2 (SL) with Complete Solutions

MCBM Unit 1 - Set 1/2 (SL) with
Complete Solutions
Aspartic acid - ANSWER - Asp (D)
Negative


Glutamic acid - ANSWER - Glu (E)
Negative


Arginine - ANSWER - Arg (R)
Positive


Lysine - ANSWER - Lys (K)
Positive


Histidine - ANSWER - His (H)
Positive


Asparagine - ANSWER - Asn (N)
Polar


Glutamine - ANSWER - Gln (Q)
Polar


Serine - ANSWER - Ser (S)
Polar


Threonine - ANSWER - Thr (T)
Polar

,Tyrosine - ANSWER - Tyr (Y)
Polar


Physiology - ANSWER - Deals with organism function and how they sense/respond to their
environment. Molecules -> organ systems


Homeostasis - ANSWER - Physiological processes that help maintain the internal environment
of the organism within narrow limits. Parameters DO change (oscillations around a set point) but
there are mechanisms that return the parameter to a specific set point.


Steady state - ANSWER - Active process of no net change over time but REQUIRES INPUT OF
ENERGY. Rate of influx=efflux but there is flux throughout the system.


Alanine - ANSWER - Ala (A)
Nonpolar


Glycine - ANSWER - Gly (G)
Nonpolar


Valine - ANSWER - Val (V)
Nonpolar


Leucine - ANSWER - Leu (L)
Nonpolar


Isoleucine - ANSWER - Ile (I)
Nonpolar


Proline - ANSWER - Pro (P)
Nonpolar

,Phenylalanine - ANSWER - Phe (F)
Nonpolar


Methionine - ANSWER - Met (M)
Nonpolar


Tryptophan - ANSWER - Trp (W)
Nonpolar


Cysteine - ANSWER - Cys (C)
Nonpolar


Amino Acids - ANSWER -


Equilibrium - ANSWER - Passive process of no net change over time that doesn't require
energy (means a person is dead). It is the lowest energy state.


Feedback control system components - ANSWER - 1. Sensory receptor
2. Control center
3. Effector


Sensor detects deviations from set point that exceeds range, sends info to control center which
decides what to do and efferents to effector.


Negative feedback - ANSWER - Response generated by effector acts to oppose or remove the
stimulus to return body towards its setpoint. When the desired outcome is reached, the
feedback loop is shut.


Ex. blood pressure -> vasodilation/constriction

, Positive feedback - ANSWER - A rare system where response reinforces stimulus and acts to
BRING SYSTEM FURTHER FROM SETPOINT.


Ex. Blood clotting, labor and delivery


Canon's postulates - ANSWER - 1. Nervous system works to help maintain homeostasis
2. All systems maintain a tonic level of activity
3. Systems not under tonic control are under antagonistic control
4. Same chemical signal can have different effects in different tissues of the body


4 systems that relay information to the cell in response to environmental changes - ANSWER -
Nervous system, Endocrine system (long distance), and Autocrine & Paracrine system (within a
cell, cell to cell communication)


Ways that cells communicate with each other and with the body - ANSWER - Autocrine - self-
signaling
Paracrine - cell to cell signaling
Endocrine - hormones influencing cells from long distances
Neurotransmitters - single long axon with electrochemical signals
Neurohormones- electric signals send hormones into bloodstream


Significance of shifting components within compartments - ANSWER - Important function of
homeostasis is regulating communication via molecules within different compartments
(Interstitial fluid, vascular fluid, interstitial fluid, intracellular fluid)


Sensitivity - ANSWER - Range of function around a set point. When parameter exceeds this
range, physiological mechanisms kick in.


Set point - ANSWER - Ideal value through which homeostasis is preserved around


Sensory receptors - ANSWER - Mostly peripheral receptors (eyes, ears, nose, tongue,
chemo/osmo/thermo/baro/poprioreceptors/pain) but can be sensory receptors