CPL: Meteorology || with 100% Error-free Answers.
To be classified as fog what must visibility reduce to correct answers 1000m or less. Between 1-
5000m its classed as mist
Explain radiation fog correct answers Earth cools at night and loses terrestrial radiation. Air will
be cooled to the dew point and fog will form.
What are the conditions needed to form radiation fog correct answers Relatively high humidity,
light winds (2-8kts), cooling surface. Best found in anticyclone conditions due to it giving long
clear nights
When will radiation fog dissipate correct answers Mid morning when solar energy is able to
clear the fog.
Explain how advection fog is formed correct answers Moist air moving over a colder surface.
Fog can form this fog will continue to form if moist air is continued to be supplied
How is advection fog dissipated correct answers Only in a change in wind
Define a thunderstorm correct answers One or more electrical charges shown by a flash of
lighting and thunder. This is a result of a build up of static electricity
What are the requirements for a thunderstorm correct answers Instability through a deeper layer,
lifting mechanism, and abundant moisture from lower layers
Explain the growing stage of a thunder storm and its height in ft and length in time correct
answers All vertical currents are up with a corresponding upwards bulge of the FZL. Latent heat
is released adding to instability. Precipitation will be help up by the strong updrafts. 10-15,000ft
and 15-30min
Explain the mature stage of a thunderstorm its height in ft and length in time correct answers
Marked by presence of precipitation from the leading edge. Have both up/down drafts with the
downdraft towards the front. First gust will be at the leading edge. TS's Maximum development.
25-40,000ft and 15-20min
Explain the decaying stage of the TS, its height in ft and length in time correct answers Only
downdrafts with less intense precipitation, freezing level bulges down and anvil becomes more
widespread. Lower tops than mature stage and lasts approx 30min
Explain the airmass type thunderstorm in relation to heat/convective formation correct answers
Surface temperature increases steepening the ELR, air will become unstable. Originates over the
land usually during summer/spring
, Explain airmass type thunderstorm in relation to nocturnal equatorial formation correct answers
Form over tropical ocean areas. Surface temperature variation is small but losses long wave
radiation from the weather vapour. ELR will steepen. Most frequent near dawn
Explain airmass type thunderstorm in relation to convective formation correct answers Develops
in low pressure areas associated with widespread ascent caused by convergence
Explain airmass type thunderstorms in relation to orographic formation correct answers Moist
unstable air forced to rise up a mountain causes significant lift to trigger instability
What is a frontal thunderstorms correct answers More severe and have lower bases than airmass
thunderstorms. It's a TS occurring between two airmasses. Found most commonly in cold fronts.
How does regeneration of thunderstorms work correct answers Lifting of air at the gust front
may trigger the development of another cell. Windshear at the first gust can also intensify the
up/downdrafts of the thunderstorm
Where is the most turbulent conditions in a thunderstorm correct answers Middle of the
thunderstorm around the FZL
What is a downburst correct answers Readily descending air from a single cell CB cloud. Found
in the lower latitudes or continental USA. Micro burst >4km, macro burst <4km
What is dynamic aquaplaning correct answers Build up of water in front of the tyre can lift it
from the surface, reducing braking effectiveness and directional control
What is viscous aquaplaning correct answers Same as dynamic aquaplaning but can occur on wet
very smooth surfaces. Amount if required water is much less than dynamic
What is steam aquaplaning correct answers Heavy braking with water under the front tyre. Heat
produced from braking will cause the water to evaporate and stream will form lifting the front
wheel off the ground
What is the transfer of heat in the general circulation system correct answers Heat from the
equator goes towards the poles and cold air from the poles goes towards the equator
Which way does the weather usually approach NewZealand correct answers From the West (El
Nino)
What are the annual temperature variation range of oceanic, maritime, and continental (in
degrees C) correct answers Oceanic: >10, Maritime: <10 >20, Continental: <20
What is a cold high correct answers An anticyclone with a higher pressure at altitude causing a
upwards bulge. This system intensifies in height found most commonly at latitudes 30 N-30 S
To be classified as fog what must visibility reduce to correct answers 1000m or less. Between 1-
5000m its classed as mist
Explain radiation fog correct answers Earth cools at night and loses terrestrial radiation. Air will
be cooled to the dew point and fog will form.
What are the conditions needed to form radiation fog correct answers Relatively high humidity,
light winds (2-8kts), cooling surface. Best found in anticyclone conditions due to it giving long
clear nights
When will radiation fog dissipate correct answers Mid morning when solar energy is able to
clear the fog.
Explain how advection fog is formed correct answers Moist air moving over a colder surface.
Fog can form this fog will continue to form if moist air is continued to be supplied
How is advection fog dissipated correct answers Only in a change in wind
Define a thunderstorm correct answers One or more electrical charges shown by a flash of
lighting and thunder. This is a result of a build up of static electricity
What are the requirements for a thunderstorm correct answers Instability through a deeper layer,
lifting mechanism, and abundant moisture from lower layers
Explain the growing stage of a thunder storm and its height in ft and length in time correct
answers All vertical currents are up with a corresponding upwards bulge of the FZL. Latent heat
is released adding to instability. Precipitation will be help up by the strong updrafts. 10-15,000ft
and 15-30min
Explain the mature stage of a thunderstorm its height in ft and length in time correct answers
Marked by presence of precipitation from the leading edge. Have both up/down drafts with the
downdraft towards the front. First gust will be at the leading edge. TS's Maximum development.
25-40,000ft and 15-20min
Explain the decaying stage of the TS, its height in ft and length in time correct answers Only
downdrafts with less intense precipitation, freezing level bulges down and anvil becomes more
widespread. Lower tops than mature stage and lasts approx 30min
Explain the airmass type thunderstorm in relation to heat/convective formation correct answers
Surface temperature increases steepening the ELR, air will become unstable. Originates over the
land usually during summer/spring
, Explain airmass type thunderstorm in relation to nocturnal equatorial formation correct answers
Form over tropical ocean areas. Surface temperature variation is small but losses long wave
radiation from the weather vapour. ELR will steepen. Most frequent near dawn
Explain airmass type thunderstorm in relation to convective formation correct answers Develops
in low pressure areas associated with widespread ascent caused by convergence
Explain airmass type thunderstorms in relation to orographic formation correct answers Moist
unstable air forced to rise up a mountain causes significant lift to trigger instability
What is a frontal thunderstorms correct answers More severe and have lower bases than airmass
thunderstorms. It's a TS occurring between two airmasses. Found most commonly in cold fronts.
How does regeneration of thunderstorms work correct answers Lifting of air at the gust front
may trigger the development of another cell. Windshear at the first gust can also intensify the
up/downdrafts of the thunderstorm
Where is the most turbulent conditions in a thunderstorm correct answers Middle of the
thunderstorm around the FZL
What is a downburst correct answers Readily descending air from a single cell CB cloud. Found
in the lower latitudes or continental USA. Micro burst >4km, macro burst <4km
What is dynamic aquaplaning correct answers Build up of water in front of the tyre can lift it
from the surface, reducing braking effectiveness and directional control
What is viscous aquaplaning correct answers Same as dynamic aquaplaning but can occur on wet
very smooth surfaces. Amount if required water is much less than dynamic
What is steam aquaplaning correct answers Heavy braking with water under the front tyre. Heat
produced from braking will cause the water to evaporate and stream will form lifting the front
wheel off the ground
What is the transfer of heat in the general circulation system correct answers Heat from the
equator goes towards the poles and cold air from the poles goes towards the equator
Which way does the weather usually approach NewZealand correct answers From the West (El
Nino)
What are the annual temperature variation range of oceanic, maritime, and continental (in
degrees C) correct answers Oceanic: >10, Maritime: <10 >20, Continental: <20
What is a cold high correct answers An anticyclone with a higher pressure at altitude causing a
upwards bulge. This system intensifies in height found most commonly at latitudes 30 N-30 S
