AC-HPAT Biology Exam (2024) || Questions & Solutions (Graded A+)

AC-HPAT Biology Exam (2024) || Questions & Solutions (Graded A+) AC-HPAT Biology Exam (2024) || Questions & Solutions (Graded A+) Why is laser technology more effective than conventional surgery in removing cancerous tumours? - ANSWER - Lasers are more precise than standard surgical tools (scalpels), so they do less damage to normal tissues. As a result, patients usually have less pain, bleeding, swelling, and scarring. With laser therapy, operations are usually shorter. How viruses affect host cells and how treated? - ANSWER - · When it comes into contact with a host cell, a virus can insert its genetic material into its host, literally taking over the host's functions. An infected cell produces more viral protein and genetic material instead of its usual products. · For most viral infections, treatments can only help with symptoms while you wait for your immune system to fight off the virus. Antibiotics do not work for viral infections. There are antiviral medicines to treat some viral infections. Vaccines can help prevent you from getting many viral diseases. How bacteria affect host cells and how treated? - ANSWER - · Bacterial pathogens operate by attacking crucial intracellular pathways in their hosts. These pathogens usually target more than one intracellular pathway and often interact at several points in each of these pathways to commandeer them fully. · Many human illnesses are caused by infection with either bacteria or viruses. Most bacterial diseases can be treated with antibiotics, although antibiotic-resistant strains are starting to emerge. Urinary system - ANSWER - · The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH Nanotechnology - ANSWER - Nanotechnology can provide rapid and sensitive detection of cancer-related molecules, enabling scientists to detect molecular changes even when they occur only in a small percentage of cells. Mercury poisoning - ANSWER - The most common cause of mercury poisoning is from consuming too much methyl mercury or organic mercury, which is linked to eating seafood. Small amounts of mercury are present in everyday foods and products, which may not affect your health. Too much mercury, however, can be poisonous. Mercury salts affect primarily the gastrointestinal tract and the kidneys, and can cause severe kidney damage; however, as they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier easily, these salts inflict little neurological damage without continuous or heavy exposure. How can ultraviolet light from the sun affect the cells of the human eye? - ANSWER - UV rays may lead to macular degeneration, a leading cause of vision loss for older Americans. UV rays, especially UV-B rays, may also cause some kinds of cataracts. A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens, the part of the eye that focuses the light we see. Macromolecules - ANSWER - Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all macromolecules. Macromolecules are formed by many monomers linking together, forming a polymer. passive transport - ANSWER - Passive transport is a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input. Unlike active transport, it does not require an input of cellular energy because it is instead driven by the tendency of the system to grow in entropy. active transport