N400 Final Exam Study Guide Questions with
100% Verified Correct Answers 2024/2025
abdominal bruit - Correct Answer -@ epigastric, upper abdomen, or CTVA in both systole and
diastole suggests renal artery stenosis, especially in the presence of htn.
-over aorta, femoral, or iliac artey suggests atherosclerotic arterial disease
-hepatic bruit suggests either carcinoma of the liver or hepattis
abnormal uterine bleeding - Correct Answer bleeding between menses; includes excessive,
prolonged, or postmenopausal bleeding. common causes of postmenopausal bleeding include HRT
and endometrial cancer
Achilles reflex - Correct Answer AKA Ankle reflex --- dorsiflex the foot at the ankle then strike the
Achilles tendon
Acute cholecystitis - Correct Answer Gradual, steady, aching RUQ pain that may radiate to the
scapula. Associated symptoms include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
acute epididymitis - Correct Answer -reddened, inflamed, swollen, tender
-difficult to distinguish from testes
-inflamed vas deferens
- commonly occurs with chlamydia infection and may coexist with a UTI or prostatitis
Acute pancreatitis - Correct Answer Steady epigastric pain that may be poorly localized or may
radiate to other parts of the abdomen. Associated symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal
distention, and fever. Often occurs in patients that have a history of alcohol abuse or previous
gallstones. Lying supine worsens the pain while leaning forward alleviates it.
anal fissure - Correct Answer painful oval ulceration of the anal canal; may be a swollen, sentinel skin
tag below it. Painful examination and spastic sphincter
anorectal fistula - Correct Answer an inflammtory tract that opens at one end into the anus or
rectum and the other end onto the surface of the skin or into another viscus. usually caused by an
abscess
,Aortic aneurysm - Correct Answer characterized by a periumbilical or upper abdominal mass with
wide, bounding pulsations. Greater than or equal to 3cm and may have an audible bruit. Usually
asymptomatic unless dissecting, then patient may c/o severe ripping/tearing anterior chest pain that
radiates to the back, neck, or abdomen
Appendicitis - Correct Answer mild cramping pain at the umbilicus that usually lasts 4-6 hours then
shifts to the RLQ and becomes more steady and severe. Patient may also have pain in the right flank
at McBurney's point. Associated symptoms often include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, guarding,
abdominal rigidity, rebound tenderness, and low grade fever. Rectal and pelvic exams should be
performed to assist in diagnosis.
bacterial vaginosis - Correct Answer -discharge is gray/white, thin, malodorous. may coat the vaginal
walls but is usually not profuse.
-has a fishy/musty odor
-vaginal mucosa appears normal
-Labs: wet mount with stippled epithelial cells, whiff test, vaginal secretions pH >4.5
Biceps reflex - Correct Answer arm partially flexed with palm down, strike the hammer toward the
biceps tendon directed at the digit
BPH - Correct Answer -enlargement of the prostate that increases with age
-causes incomplete empying, urgency, frequency, weak stream, nocturia, etc.
-symptoms occur due to smooth muscle contraction and compression of the urethra
-may feel enlarged, smooth, firm yet elastic to palpation -- a notable protrusion into the rectal lumen
Brachioradialus reflex - Correct Answer place hand on abdomen or lab with forearm partially
pronated and strike the radius 1-2 inches above the wrist
brainstem - Correct Answer -provides main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck
-regulates cardiac and respiratory function as well as the CNS
- maintains LOC, regulates sleep
breast cancer - Correct Answer -Age of onset 30-90, most common after 50
-uncontrolled growth of malignant cells
, -irregular or stellate, firm or hard, nontender
-may be fixed to skin or underlying tissue
-not clearly delineated
-may have signs of retraction
-usually single but may coexist with other nodules
-often occurs in the tail of spence (upper outer quadrant of the axilla)
breast cyst - Correct Answer -Occurs age 35-50 years and usually regresses after menopause (unless
using HRT)
-fluid or semi-solid filled nodule
-soft to firm, round, mobile, tender, elastic
-single or multiple, well delineated
-no signs of retraction
-increase in nodular size before onset of monthly menstruation
-caffeine can increase tenderness
Bulge sign - Correct Answer apply pressure on the suprapatellar pouch and stroke downward, then
apply medial pressure. Tap the lateral margin of the patella and watxh for a fluid wave, which is
consistent with an effusion
Carcinoma - Correct Answer -Of the cervix: early -- metaplasia. late -- irregular, cauliflower-like
growth
-of the vulva -- an ulcerated or raised red lesion (usually in an elderly woman)
carcinoma of the penis - Correct Answer nontender, indurated nodule or ulcer that almost always
occurs in uncircumcised men
carpal tunnel - Correct Answer -occurs due to repetitive motions with the wrist flexed, such as typing
or mail sorting
-can occur with come conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, pregnancy, DM, or hypothyroidism
-characterized by decreased sensation in the median nerve distrubution (the pulp of the index finger,
surface of palm, and first 3 fingers), decreased grip strength, and thenar atrophy
-can be tested with various maneuvers including thumb abduction
