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PRACTICE FOR CT BOARDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PRACTICE FOR CT BOARDS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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PRACTICE FOR CT BOARDS EXAMQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Normal body temperature - Answer-97.7 deg to 99.5 def F
Pulse rate for adults - Answer-60-100 beats per min
Pulse rate for children - Answer-70-120 beats per min
Systolic blood pressure - Answer-pressure within arteries during cardiac contraction and
should be less than 120 mm Hg
Diastolic pressure - Answer-measured during relaxation of heart and should be less
than 80 mm Hg
Normal respiration for adults - Answer-12 to 20 breaths per min
Normal respiration for children - Answer-20-30 breaths per min
Explain the three stages of the cardiac cycle - Answer-1. Atrial systole: contraction of LA
and RA
-onset of P wave of ECG
2. Ventricular systole: contraction of LV and RV
-beginning of QRS complex on ECG
3. Complete cardiac diastole: period of relaxation after heart contraction
-corresponds to T wave on ECG
Beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent purpose - Answer-reduce a patients heart rate
What is the optimal beats per minute rate for CT imaging - Answer-65
Sublingual nitroglycerine purpose - Answer-cause dilation of coronary vessels,
improving their visualization
Normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - Answer-7-25 mg/dl
Normal creatinine (Cr) - Answer-0.5-1.5 mg/dl
Normal BUN/Cr ratio - Answer-6-22:1
Normal GFR - Answer-men: 70 + or - 14 ml/min/m2
Women: 60 +or- 10 ml/min/m2
Normal prothrombin time (PT) - Answer-measure of blood coagulation
,12-15 sec
Normal partial thromboplastin time (PTT) - Answer-detect abnormalities in blood clotting
25-35 sec
International normalized ration (INR) - Answer-standardize PT results
0.8-1.2
Normal platelet count - Answer-140,000-440,000 micoliter of blood
D-timer testing - Answer-utilized for diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary
embolism
-may indicate recently degraded blood clots
Coumadin - Answer-anticoagulant
-used to prevent formation of blood clots in veins and arteries
Metformin - Answer-Glucophage
-treat type 2 diabetes.
-patients typically instructed not to take metformin up to 2 days following at contrast
enhanced CT
Drip infusion - Answer-volume of contrast agent is administered at a slow rate over a
long period
Bolus injection - Answer-CM pushed into blood stream at a rapid rate over a short
period of time
Power injectors flow rates - Answer-up to 5 to 6 ml/sec
Flow rate for 22 gauge angiocatheters - Answer-up to 3 ml/sec
Flow rate for 20 gauge angiocatheters - Answer-used when flow rate exceeds 3ml/sec
Purpose of flushing the tubing with saline after CM injection - Answer-30-50ml
-allows for a reduction of contrast agent dose and helps eliminate the streaking
What to do if extravasation occurs? - Answer-catheter should be removed and pressure
applied to site with warm,moist compress
Positive CM - Answer-radiopaque contrast media (RCM)
-iodine and barium
-water-soluble
-administered via bld stream, intrathecal space, joint space, or orally
,Osmolality - Answer-agents propensity to cause fluid from outside the blood vessel to
move into the blood stream
Ionic contrast media - Answer--salts
-high-osmolar contrast media
Ex: iothalamate meglumine (conray) and diatrizoate sodium (hypaque)
Non-ionic contrast media - Answer-non-salt
Low-osmolar CM
Ex: iohexol (omni), iopamidol (iso), and isoversol (optiray)
High or low osmolar CM are less likely to produce adverse side effects - Answer-LOW
Iso-osmolar CM - Answer-same osmolality as blood, improve pt comfort and reduce
potential for side effects
Ex: iodizanol (visipaque)
Enteral RCM - Answer-administered orally or rectally to highlight GI
-barium, seen 30-90 min
Negative CM - Answer-air, gases, and water
What type of gas is used for CT colonography - Answer-CO2
Neutral CM - Answer-administered to opacify SI during CT enteroclysis and CT
enterogrpahy
-very low density barium sulfate (volumen)
Serum iodine concentration - Answer-measure of amount of iodine within blood stream
-for adequate opacification during CT 2 to 8 mg/ml
Flow rate for injection into central venous catheters - Answer-2 ml/sec or below
Intrathecal administration - Answer-CM injected directly into space surrounding spinal
cord
Intra-articular administration - Answer-CM injected directly into joint space
What are the four Hs to be paid attention before a patient undergoes administration of
CM - Answer-1. Hx
2. Hydration
3. Have equipment and expertise ready
4. Heads up: constant assessment of pts condition
Pre tx regim for pts with allergies to CM - Answer-combination of antihistamine and a
corticosteroid, taken at time intervals as early as 24 hrs before CM injection
, Contraindications to IV CM - Answer-allergy to iodine
Prior severe allergic reaction to CM
Renal insufficiency/failure
Nursing mothers and CM injection - Answer-instructed to pump and discard breast milk
for 24 hrs after admin of CM to eliminate risk to infant
Mild reactions to CM - Answer--N/V
-mild urticaria (hives)
-warmth or flushing
-altered tase
-sweats/chills
-nasal stuffiness/sneezing
-anxiety
No tx
Moderate reactions to CM - Answer--mild bronchospasm
-moderate to severe urticaria
-vasovagal response
-tachycardia from hypotension
Tx for moderate adverse reactions - Answer-bronchodilator inhaler for bronchospasm
Diphenhydramine (benadryl) for urticaria
Elevation of legs and IV fluids for hypotension
Severe reactions to CM - Answer--profound hypotension
-laryngeal edema
-severe bronchospasm
-pulmonary edema
-cardiac arrhythmia
-seizure
-cardiopulmonary arrest
-death
Delayed reactions to CM - Answer--urticaria
-pruritus (itchiness)
-N/V
-drowsiness
-headache
-fever/chills
What delayed reaction is the most common and occurs when? - Answer-cutaneous, 3
hrs to 7 days after CM injection
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