Synapse - answer-space between neurons; it permits the neutrons pass messages to and from the brain to other parts of the body
Function of the Cerebrum - answer-responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, speech, sensation, sight, hearing, and voluntary movement
Cerebellum - answer-The sectio...
Synapse - answer-space between neurons; it permits the neutrons pass messages to
and from the brain to other parts of the body
Function of the Cerebrum - answer-responsible for reasoning, thought, memory,
speech, sensation, sight, hearing, and voluntary movement
Cerebellum - answer-The section below the back of the cerebrum. It is responsible for
muscle coordination; balance and posture; and muscle tone.
Midbrain - answer-The section located below the cerebrum at the top of the brain stem.
It is responsible for conducting impulses between brain parts and for certain eye and
auditory reflexes.
Pons - answer-The section located below the midbrain and in the brain stem. It is
responsible for conducting messages to other parts of the brain; for certain reflex
actions including chewing, tasting, and saliva production; and for assisting with
respiration.
Medulla Oblongata - answer-It is the lowest part of the brain stem. It connects with the
spinal cord and it is responsible for regulating heartbeat, respiration, swallowing,
coughing, and blood pressure.
Ventricles - answer-The ventricles are hollow spaces that connect with each other and
with the space under the arachnoid membrane (the subarachnoid space); below the
atria.
Meninges - answer-The meninges are three membranes that cover and protect the
brain and the spinal cord.
Describe and name the three layers of the meninges. - answer-The dura mater is the
thick, tough, outer layer. The middle layer is delicate and weblike and called the
arachnoid membrane. The innermost layer, the pia mater, is closely attached to the
brain and spinal cord and contains blood vessels that nourish the nerve tissue.
Discuss the cranial nerves and spinal nerves of the somatic nervous system. - answer-
Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain while spinal nerves
emerge directly from segments of the spinal cord.
What is the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system? - answer-The
sympathetic and parasympathetic system work together to maintain a balanced state
called homeostasis.
, Describe paraplegia. - answer-Paralysis in the lower extremities or lower part of the
body, caused by an injury to the spinal cord.
Quadriplegia - answer-involves paralysis of both arms and both legs.
Hemiplegia - answer-is the paralysis of the muscles of the lower face, arm, and leg on
one side of the body.
Describe what the parasympathetic system does to VS and the digestive system. -
answer-The parasympathetic tries to bring the VS (vital signs) back to normal
(homeostasis) and promotes digestion of food in the digestive system (it stimulates
digestive activity).
Causes of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) also known as stroke - answer-• When
blood flow to the brain is impaired.
• Cerebral haemorrhage resulting from hypertension.
• By an occlusion, or blockage caused by atherosclerosis or a thrombus (blood clot).
Emergency treatment for CVA. - answer-Thrombolytic or "clot-busting" drugs such as
TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) or angioplasty of the cerebral arteries can dissolve a
blood clot and restore blood flow to the brain. Immediate care is necessary in the first 3
hours in order to reduce the chances of damage to the brain.
Epilepsy - answer-Epilepsy is also known as the seizure syndrome, is the brain disorder
associated with abnormal electrical impulses in the neurons of the brain.
Shingles - answer-Also known as herpes zoster; is an acute inflammation of nerve cells
and is caused by the herpes virus, which also causes chickenpox.
Multiple Sclerosis - answer-Multiple sclerosis or MS is a chronic, progressive, disabling
condition resulting from degeneration of the myelin sheath in the central nervous
system (CNS).
Describe petite mal or absence seizures. - answer-Absence, or petit mal, seizures are
milder and characterized by a loss of consciousness lasting several seconds. They are
common in children and frequently disappear by late adolescence.
Generalised tonic-clonic or grand mal seizures. - answer-The grand mal seizures are
the most severe seizures. They are characterised by a loss of consciousness lasting
several minutes; convulsions accompanied by violent shaking and thrashing
movements; hypersalivation causing foaming at the mouth; and loss of body functions.
Treatment for meningitis - answer-The treatment methods for meningitis include
antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and/or medications for pain and cerebral edema.
Describe symptoms of Parkinson's disease. - answer-• Tremors
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