Summary
Summary Bio 201 Osseous Tissue Review Guide
- Course
- BIO 201
- Institution
- Grand Canyon University
This is a comprehensive and detailed review guide on Osseous Tissue for Bio 201. * Essential!! * Precise!! * For you!!
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Osseous TisTissue
sue
Review Guide
Name: _______________________________________________ Per: ________
Directions: You will learn best if you WRITE OUT THE QUESTIONS AND A
ANSWERS
NSWERS ON SEPARA
SEPARATE
TE SHEETS
OF PA
PAPER!!!
PER!!!
1. What are the two major divisions of the human skeleton?
a. Axial skeleton
b. Appendicular skeleton
2. Compare and contrast ligaments and tendons.
a. Ligaments- bone to bone
b. Tendons- muscle to bone
3. List AND describe the six functions of bone.
a. Support- hard framework that supports body and cradles soft organs
b. Protection- fused bones of skull, vertebrae, rib cage
c. Leverage- skeletal muscles use bones as levers for movement
d. Mineral storage- calcium and phosphate
e. Storage of lipids (yellow marrow)
f. Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)- RBC and within marrow cavities of certain
bones
4. Describe in words AND draw examples of the six classifications of bones.
a. Long bones- has a shaft and two ends; made mostly of compact bone but may
contain spongy bone
i. Ex. Femur, tibia, fibula, Humerus, fingers of hand
b. Short bones- cube-like and contain mostly spongy bone; compact bone provides thin
surface layer
i. Ex. Bones of carpus and tarsus
c. Flat bones- thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved; thin layers of compact bone
around a layer of spongy bone
i. Ex. Sternum, ribs, skull, & scapula
d. Irregular bones- bones that do not fit above classification
i. Ex. Vertebrae and hip
e. Suture bones- are small, irregular bones
i. Ex. Found between the flat bones of the skull
f. Sesamoid bones- are small and flat
i. Ex. Develop inside tendons near joints of knees, hands, and feet, patella and
pisiform
5. What does it mean that compact bone is homogenous and spongy bone is heterogeneous?
a. Homogenous- to resist fractures, very strong
b. Heterogenous-
6. Label the following regions of a long bone AND know the functions of each of these regions:
a. Diaphysis- shaft, composed of compact bone
b. Metaphysis- where diaphysis and epiphysis meet (growing bone)
c. Epiphysis (proximal and distal)- ends of the bone, composed mostly of spongy bone
covered with compact bones, articulation with other bones
, d. Articular cartilage- a thin layer of cartilage that covers the joint surfaces of the epiphyses
e. Compact bone- strong resists fracture,
f. Spongy bone- no weight barring
g. Epiphyseal line
h. Medullary cavity- a tubelike hollow space in the diaphysis
i. Periosteum- outside covering of the diaphysis, fibrous connective tissue membrane, made
of: outer, fibrous layer and inner, cellular layer
j. Endosteum- a thin epithelial layer that lines the medullary cavity
k. Sharpy’s Fibers- secure periosteum to underlying bone
7. Compare and contrast the types of bone found in the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone.
a. Diaphysis- contains compact bone
b. Epiphysis- contains mostly spongy bone
8. Which region(s) of a long bone is periosteum NOT found?
a. Parts enclosed in joint capsules
9. What type of marrow is found in the medullary cavity of adults? Of children?
a. Yellow bone marrow is found here for adults
b. Children have red bone marrow here until the age of 5
10. What is the functional unit of mature compact bone called?
a. Osteon
11. What is the function of the Haverisan Canal and Volkmann’s canal? What are the other names
for each of these canals?
12. What is the name given to the region of bone in which osteocytes reside?
a. Lacunae
13. What passageway connects the central canal to the lacunae? What are the functions of these
passageways?
a. Canaliculi- form a transport system to exchange nutrients and waster
14. What are the two other names that could be used to describe spongy bone?
a. Cancellous bone
b. trabecular
15. Sketch the arrangement of spongy and compact bone found in a flat bone.
a.
16. Compare and contrast compact bone with spongy bone. The more detail you include, the
better!
a. Solid bone, wall of diaphysis consists of layer of this bone, sturdy protective layer
that surrounds central space
b. cancellous or trabecular bone, open network of struts and plates, spongy bone of
each epiphysis is covered by thin layer of compact bone (cortical bone)
17
17.. List AND describe the chemical makeup of osseous tissue. Be generally familiar with the
abundances of each of the components of bone.
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