Test Bank - for Introductory Mental Health Nursing
Fifth, Edition by Cynthia Kincheloe, All Chapters |
Complete Guide A+
Determinants of Mental Health - ANSWER - Financial well-being, socio-economic
status and educational status
- Trauma
- Sex and gender
- Age
- Genetics
- Physical health, lifestyle, diet, exercise, smoking, use of substances
- Personality
stress-vulnerability model - ANSWER The theory that a genetic or biological
predisposition to certain mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, mood disorders)
exists and that psychological and social factors can increase the likelihood of
symptomatic episodes.
Mental Health Drug Classes - ANSWER - Antipsychotics (neuroleptics)
- Antidepressants
- Mood stabilisers
- Anxiolytics
Factors that determine response to drug - ANSWER - Pharmacokinetics (how they
are absorbed and metabolised).
- Environmental influences (diet, smoking, other drugs involved).
- Pharmacogenomics (genetic factors influencing drug effects).
Antipsychotic medications - ANSWER Treat psychotic symptoms (not its underlying
causes): predominately the positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, thought
disorder).
Work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine antagonists.
, Typical antipsychotics vs atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER Typical antipsychotic
medications are the older, first-generation drugs. They antagonise dopamine
receptors and can help manage the positive symptoms of psychosis, but not the
negative. Atypical antipsychotic medications are newer and can help manage both
the positive and negative symptoms associated with psychosis.
Typical antipsychotics
Older 'first generation' antipsychotic drugs.
They have an affinity with D1 and D2 receptors.
Helps reduce positive symptoms of psychosis but has lots of neurological side
effects.
Side effects are mostly extrapyramidal
Atypical antipsychotics
More recently developed antipsychotic drugs.
High affinity with D2 & 5-HT receptors
Similar efficacy to typical antipsychotics but with better side effect profile.
Side effects are mostly anticholinergic or metabolic
Antipsychotic side effects - ANSWER - Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs)
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPSEs) - ANSWER The extrapyramidal system is
involved in motor coordination and movement. Symptoms arise when there are
disturbances to this symptom.
- More common with typical antipsychotics
- Primarily consist of four primary dimensions:
EPSE: parkinsonism - ANSWER Rigidity, mask like face, shuffling gait, tremor at
rest, difficulty speaking or swallowing.
Resolved with anticholinergic or
antiparkinsonian drugs or possibly a change in medication.
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