Biology 1320 Final Exam Review Joel Bergh Texas State Chapters 1-11 Questions And Answers With Verified Updates
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Course
Biology 1320 Joel Bergh Texas St
Institution
Biology 1320 Joel Bergh Texas St
Chapter 1: 5 Characteristics of all living creatures - 1. Organization
2. Energy Use
3. Maintains internal constancy
4. Reproduction, Growth, and Development
5. Evolution
Define and be able to recognize emergent properties. - Emergent Properties: Quality that results
from interactions of a sy...
Biology 1320 Final Exam Review Joel
Bergh Texas State Chapters 1-11
Chapter 1: 5 Characteristics of all living creatures - 1. Organization
2. Energy Use
3. Maintains internal constancy
4. Reproduction, Growth, and Development
5. Evolution
Define and be able to recognize emergent properties. - Emergent Properties: Quality that results
from interactions of a systems components
Can you list the levels of organization from smallest to largest? - 1)atom
2)molecule
3)cells
4)tissues
5)organs
6)organ systems
7)organisms
8)populations
9)communities
10)ecosystem
11)biosphere
Understand the basis of homeostasis. Using sweat as an example, how does sweating return body
temperature to a normal range? - Maintenance of internal constancy
- the body regulates itself
,Define autotroph and heterotroph and be prepared to use contextual clues to identify the way a given
organism acquires energy. - Autotroph: Produces extract energy & nutrients from the non-living
environment
Heterotroph: Consumers obtain energy & nutrients by eating other organisms
There are six steps are involved in the scientific process. What are they and give an example of each? -
1) problem
2) research
3) hypothesis
4) experiment
5) observation/data
6) conclusion
Scientifically, know the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. - Hypothesis is an educated
guess
Theory is an explanation about something in the natural world. (has been repeatedly tested and uses
facts to explain the natural world)
Chapter 2: Define energy and matter - Energy: The ability to do work
Matter: anything that takes up space. ex: organisms rocks the ocean
Define an atom, including the three subatomic particles that comprise it. What is the structure of the
atom and the charges of those particles? - Atom: the smallest possible "piece" of an element that
retains the characteristics of the element.
-proton=positive charge
-neutron=neutral charge
-electron=negative charge
What is an element? - a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into
other substances
,What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass? - Atomic Number: the number
of protons in the nucleus
Atomic Mass: the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What is an isotope? - Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
How many electrons reside a complete innermost electron shell, how many reside in complete outer
shells? - innermost=2
outermost=8
What is a molecule? - a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental
unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
How many pairs of electrons are shared in a single covalent bond? - 2
Define and know the difference between polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.
Have a clear grasp on what is happening with electrons in each. - Polar Covalent Bond: a lopsided
union, one nucleus exerts as a much stronger pull on the shared electron that does the other nucleus.
shares electrons-unequally with less electronegative partner
Non-polar Covalent Bond: a "bipartisan" union in which both atoms exert an equal pull on their shared
electrons
Ionic Bond: one atom is electronegative that it rips electrons from another atoms valence shell
Hydrogen Bond: opposite partial charges on adjacent molecules or within a single large molecule attract
each other
What is a cation? - lost electrons become positively charged ions
, What is an anion? - gained electrons become negatively charged ions
What are the properties of water that results in cohesion or adhesion? - Adhesion and cohesion
are water properties that affect every water molecule on earth and also the interaction of water
molecules with molecules of other substances. Essentially, cohesion and adhesion are the "stickiness"
that water molecules have for each other and for other substances.
Cohesion: Water is attracted to water
Adhesion: Water is attracted to other substances
Define specific heat and the application of that to water. - the amount of heat in calories needed
to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree
Application of specific heat to water: as the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose
to change its temperature by one degree Celsius
Hydrophobic - water fearing, they do not dissolve in or form hydrogen bonds with water
Hydrophyllic - readily dissolves in water or form hydrogen bonds with water
What elements must be present in a molecule for it to be considered an organic molecule? -
carbon and hydrogen
Understand that the number of covalent bonds an atom can form is directly related to the number of
electrons in its own valence shell. How many bonds can carbon form (what is the most, what is the
fewest)? - 4 covalent bonds. It needs 4 electrons to complete the octet
How do monomers relate to polymers? - polymers are chains of small molecular subunits called
monomers
dehydration synthesis - An enzyme binds two monomers, releasing a water molecule. It joins
monomers into polymers.
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