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Biology 1320 Final Exam Review Joel Bergh Texas State Chapters 1-11 Questions And Answers With Verified Updates
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Chapter 1: 5 Characteristics of all living creatures - 1. Organization 2. Energy Use 3. Maintains internal constancy 4. Reproduction, Growth, and Development 5. Evolution Define and be able to recognize emergent properties. - Emergent Properties: Quality that results from interactions of a sy...

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Biology 1320 Final Exam Review Joel
Bergh Texas State Chapters 1-11
Chapter 1: 5 Characteristics of all living creatures - 1. Organization

2. Energy Use

3. Maintains internal constancy

4. Reproduction, Growth, and Development

5. Evolution



Define and be able to recognize emergent properties. - Emergent Properties: Quality that results
from interactions of a systems components



Can you list the levels of organization from smallest to largest? - 1)atom

2)molecule

3)cells

4)tissues

5)organs

6)organ systems

7)organisms

8)populations

9)communities

10)ecosystem

11)biosphere




Understand the basis of homeostasis. Using sweat as an example, how does sweating return body
temperature to a normal range? - Maintenance of internal constancy

- the body regulates itself

,Define autotroph and heterotroph and be prepared to use contextual clues to identify the way a given
organism acquires energy. - Autotroph: Produces extract energy & nutrients from the non-living
environment

Heterotroph: Consumers obtain energy & nutrients by eating other organisms



There are six steps are involved in the scientific process. What are they and give an example of each? -
1) problem

2) research

3) hypothesis

4) experiment

5) observation/data

6) conclusion



Scientifically, know the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. - Hypothesis is an educated
guess

Theory is an explanation about something in the natural world. (has been repeatedly tested and uses
facts to explain the natural world)



Chapter 2: Define energy and matter - Energy: The ability to do work

Matter: anything that takes up space. ex: organisms rocks the ocean



Define an atom, including the three subatomic particles that comprise it. What is the structure of the
atom and the charges of those particles? - Atom: the smallest possible "piece" of an element that
retains the characteristics of the element.

-proton=positive charge

-neutron=neutral charge

-electron=negative charge



What is an element? - a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into
other substances

,What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass? - Atomic Number: the number
of protons in the nucleus

Atomic Mass: the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus



What is an isotope? - Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons



How many electrons reside a complete innermost electron shell, how many reside in complete outer
shells? - innermost=2

outermost=8




What is a molecule? - a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental
unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction



How many pairs of electrons are shared in a single covalent bond? - 2



Define and know the difference between polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.

Have a clear grasp on what is happening with electrons in each. - Polar Covalent Bond: a lopsided
union, one nucleus exerts as a much stronger pull on the shared electron that does the other nucleus.
shares electrons-unequally with less electronegative partner



Non-polar Covalent Bond: a "bipartisan" union in which both atoms exert an equal pull on their shared
electrons



Ionic Bond: one atom is electronegative that it rips electrons from another atoms valence shell



Hydrogen Bond: opposite partial charges on adjacent molecules or within a single large molecule attract
each other



What is a cation? - lost electrons become positively charged ions

, What is an anion? - gained electrons become negatively charged ions



What are the properties of water that results in cohesion or adhesion? - Adhesion and cohesion
are water properties that affect every water molecule on earth and also the interaction of water
molecules with molecules of other substances. Essentially, cohesion and adhesion are the "stickiness"
that water molecules have for each other and for other substances.

Cohesion: Water is attracted to water

Adhesion: Water is attracted to other substances



Define specific heat and the application of that to water. - the amount of heat in calories needed
to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree

Application of specific heat to water: as the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose
to change its temperature by one degree Celsius



Hydrophobic - water fearing, they do not dissolve in or form hydrogen bonds with water



Hydrophyllic - readily dissolves in water or form hydrogen bonds with water



What elements must be present in a molecule for it to be considered an organic molecule? -
carbon and hydrogen



Understand that the number of covalent bonds an atom can form is directly related to the number of
electrons in its own valence shell. How many bonds can carbon form (what is the most, what is the
fewest)? - 4 covalent bonds. It needs 4 electrons to complete the octet



How do monomers relate to polymers? - polymers are chains of small molecular subunits called
monomers



dehydration synthesis - An enzyme binds two monomers, releasing a water molecule. It joins
monomers into polymers.

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