Bio 1320 Exam 2 Questions With Correct Solutions, Already Passed!!
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Course
Bio 1320
Institution
Bio 1320
1 molecule of ATP is recycled thousands of times - -building a bond between uncharged ADP and P
= storing energy - Endergonic reaction
-Breaking the bond in ATP (to make ADP and P) = releasing energy - exergonic reaction
3 main principles of cell theory -
Activation energy - -chemical reactions...
Bio 1320 Exam 2
1 molecule of ATP is recycled thousands of times - -building a bond between uncharged ADP and P
= storing energy - Endergonic reaction
-Breaking the bond in ATP (to make ADP and P) = releasing energy - exergonic reaction
3 main principles of cell theory -
Activation energy - -chemical reactions need a certain amount of energy to get started: Activation
energy
-with no help, it can take too long for a chemical reaction to get over its activation energy: this means life
can stop (death)
Active transport - -cell use a protein and energy (in ATP) to move molecules across cell
membranes against their concentration gradient
-EX: too much calcium can poison a cell, so it actively pumps calcium out, even if it is at a higher
concentration outside
ADP -> ATP - -ADP and a free phosphate can be reconnected again (with incoming kinetic energy
from glucose breakdown) = ATP, which is charged up again with energy
-in this way, ATP acts like a rechargeable battery
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a Free phosphate - -to release energy from ATP (to fuel our
cells), we must break a bond in the ATP molecule
-the bond we break is between 2 phosphates
-leaves ADP and a free phosphate
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - -the most common energy-carrier molecule
-is a nucleotide, which always have at least 1 phosphate, a sugar, and a base
, Attachment proteins - -anchor and attach the cell membrane to the inner cytoskeleton and to
other cells
-remember: we already learned about these - tight junctions and desmosomes
cell - the smallest unit of life
Cell junctions - -allow for attachment and communication between cells
-3 types: desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions (animals) or plasmodesmata (plants)
-single celled organisms exist on their own
-but multi cellular eukaryotic organisms (like plants and animals) have to stick together and
communicate with each other in order to work as a unit
Cell membrane - -contains phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins
-all living things are composed of cells and all cells have a cell membrane
Cell Membrane - -encloses the cell and regulates what goes in and out
-made of phospholipids
Cell theory - every cell came from another, pre existing cell
-the facts that all living organisms are made up of one or more cells and that all cells arise from
preexisting cells are the foundations of cell theory
Cell wall - -coating over the cell membrane that protects and supports cells
-only plant cells have a cell wall
Cells have a common characteristic - -most are small
-a "bigger" being has MORE cells, not bigger cells
-small cells are fast and efficient
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