Exam (elaborations)
2024 PATHO 370 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
2024 PATHO 370 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
2024 PATHO 370 FINAL EXAMWITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What is sepsis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSresults from an inappropriate host
response to the presence of pathogens
What is septic shock? - CORRECT-ANSWERScommonly associated with gram
negative infections; gram positive bacteria and fungi are also important
causes of septic shock
What are the clinical manifestations of septic shock? - CORRECT-ANSWERSa
hyperdynamic state characterized by high cardiac output and warm
extremities; the patient is usually febrile and altered
Obstructuve Shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSdevelops when the heart is
prevented from pumping because of a mechanical obstruction of blood flow
What are the types of obstructive shock? - CORRECT-ANSWERSpulmonary
embolism, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, dissecting aortic
aneurysm
cardiogenic shock - CORRECT-ANSWERSprimarily a results of severe
dysfunction of the left, right, or both ventricles that results in inadequate
cardiac pumping
What are some examples of cardiogenic shock? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSmyocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease,
ventricular rupture, congenital heart defects, and papillary muscle rupture
What is a common sign of viral pneumonia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSdry cough
What is a risk factor for TB - CORRECT-ANSWERSimmunosupression
What are signs and symptoms of bacterial pneumonia? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSproductive cough and parenchymal infiltrates on an xray
What organism causes TB? - CORRECT-ANSWERSMycobacterium tuberculosis
What is an x-ray finding of TB? - CORRECT-ANSWERSGhon tubercle
Signs and symptoms of ureteral (kidney) stones - CORRECT-ANSWERSflank
pain, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria
,What is the common composition of renal calculi? - CORRECT-
ANSWERScalcium crystals
polycystic kidney disease - CORRECT-ANSWERScondition in which the kidney
contains many cysts and is enlarged; the cysts will alter kidney function
glomerulonephritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSinflammation of the glomeruli of the
kidney; immune complex reaction resulting in alterations in the glomerular
capillary structure and function; mediated by IgE
Major sign/symptom of renal cancer - CORRECT-ANSWERShematuria
What forms renal calculi in patients with gouty arthritis? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSuric acid
Acute pyelonephritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSinfection of the renal pelvis
usually from an ascending UTI; inflammation that does not result in scarring
or fibrosis
What is the common bacteria that causes a UTI? - CORRECT-ANSWERSE. coli
Chronic Pyelonephritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSinfection of the renal pelvis that
has scarring and fibrosis and can result in chronic kidney disease; associated
with reflux or processes that lead to urine stasis
clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis - CORRECT-ANSWERSCVA
tenderness, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis - CORRECT-
ANSWERSabdominal or flank pain, fever, malaise, anorexia
what are the three phases of tubular necrosis? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSprodromal phase, oliguric phase, post oliguric phase
clinical presentation of the prodromal phase? - CORRECT-ANSWERSnormal or
declining urine output & BUN creatinine begin to rise,
clinical presentation of the oliguric phase? - CORRECT-ANSWERSoliguria,
decreased GFR, hypervolemia (dialysis may be required)
clinical presentation of the postoliguric phase? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSpostoliguric phase represents renal recovery; urine volume begins
to increase and tubular function begins to improve fluid volume deficit until
kidneys recover
, renal osteodystrophy in end-stage renal disease - CORRECT-
ANSWERSelevated phosphorus and PTH causes alterations in the bone and
mineral metabolism; kidneys are unable to reabsorb the calcium and the
bones will begin to break down
anemia in end-stage renal disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSkidneys produce
erythropoietin, which is needed to make RBC; a lack of erythropoietin will
decrease the RBC count
What are some common causes of CKD? - CORRECT-ANSWERSdiabetes and
hypertension
What is the cause for acute tubular necrosis? - CORRECT-ANSWERSischemia
leads to acute tubular necrosis
What are some secondary conditions associated with end-stage chronic renal
disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSanemia, malnutrition, bone and mineral
disorders, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, uremic syndrome,
hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
what is the most frequent and initial symptom of bladder cancer? -
CORRECT-ANSWERShematuria
What can vesicoureteral reflux lead to? - CORRECT-ANSWERSrecurrent
cystitis
Who is more prone to UTIs? - CORRECT-ANSWERSsexually active women
ureterocele - CORRECT-ANSWERScystic dilation of the distal end of the ureter
stress urinary incontinence - CORRECT-ANSWERSurine is involuntarily lost
with increases in intraabdominal pressure; occurs due to a weakening of the
pelvic muscles
what are some common causes of stress urinary incontinence? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSobesity, childbirth related trauma, pelvic surgery, diabetes
Urgency Urinary Incontinence - CORRECT-ANSWERSinvoluntary sudden
leakage of urine along with immediately feeling the need to urinate again;
caused by a weakening of the detrusor muscle
Cystitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSinflammation of the bladder lining
What are the causes of cystitis? - CORRECT-ANSWERScaused by infection,
chemical irritants, stones, or trauma
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Elitaa. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now