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PHGY 216 Final Study Set Exam @ 2024-2o25
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PHGY 216 Final Study Set Exam @2024-2o25
Secretin - Answer Secretion of NaH CO3 into duodenal lumen
Pancreatic lipase - Answer hydrolyzes triglycerides to yield free fatty acids and
monoglycerides
CCK - Answer Secretion of pancreatic enzymes into duodenal lumen
Pancreatic amylase - Answer Breaks down polysaccharides into maltose (di)
Trypsinogen - Answer Inactive enzyme converted to trypsin by enterokinase
What is the blood supply to and from the liver? - Answer Hepatic portal vein and hepatic
artery
What is the functional unit of the liver? - Answer A lobule
What are Kupffer cells? - Answer Macrophages
What does the central vein of all liver lobules converge to form? - Answer The hepatic
vein
What do hepatocytes do? - Answer Produce bile
What is between the bile duct and the duodenum? - Answer Sphincter of Oddi
What is enterohepatic circulation? - Answer Reabsorption of bile salts in the ileum and
recycling back into bile
What is bile important for? - Answer The absorption of fats
What is bilirubin? - Answer A waste product secreted in the bile. Gives feces its brown
colour
What stimulates the release of bile? - Answer -reabsoprtion of bile salts
-secretin stimulates component of bile
-vagal stimulation during cephalic phase
What does CCK do for bile? - Answer Contracts gallbladder and relaxes Sphincter of
Oddi
What is the effect of bile salts on fat, essentially? - Answer Increase surface area of fats
for greater digestion
What is the term for motility in the small intestine? - Answer Segmentation
, True or False: the movement of the small in intestine is peristaltic - Answer False
What is the gastroileal reflex? - Answer Chyme causes gastrin to be secreted which then
causes segmentation of ileum
What is the BER? - Answer Electrical stimulation caused by the pacemaker cells in the
small intestine
What is the purpose of the migrating mobility complex? - Answer Move any last food
remnants, debris, or bacteria towards the colon to prepare for next meal
-it's what makes the noises
What is the brush border? - Answer Microvilli from epithelial cells lining the small
intestine
What enzymes does the brush border contain? - Answer Enterokinases, disaccharides,
aminopeptidases
What is absorbed in the ileum? - Answer Bile salts and B12
How are carbohydrates transported? - Answer Via sodium-monosaccharide
cotransport, or sodium-independent facilitated diffusion
Are all monosaccharides absorbed the same way? - Answer No, there are preferences
How are galactose and glucose - Answer Na-K+ cotransport
How is fructose transported? - Answer Facilitated diffusion
What are chylomicrons? - Answer Triglycerides coated with water-soluble lipoprotein.
Fats travel through the blood like this
What is the most readily absorbed form of iron? - Answer Fe2+
Where is iron stored? - Answer Within the epithelial cells of the small intestine as ferritin
What are the three potential causes for diarrhea? - Answer -Excessive small intestine
motility
-excessive osmotic particles (draws too much water into intestine)
-toxins that cause excess fluid secretion by intestinal muscosa
How many enzymes break down proteins? - Answer 5
(Chymotrypsin, enterokinase, trypsin, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase)
How many enzymes break down carbs? - Answer 2
(Amylase and disaccharidase)
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