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Environmental History Exam 1 Devices Questions for Success 2024
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Environmental History Exam 1 Devices Questions for Success 2024
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Environmental History Exam 1Evolution of History: Before the 1960's - ANS politics, diplomacy and great men,
most important to understand how great leaders came to be
Evolution of History: 1960's - ANS social, history, women's history, ordinary
people's history becomes important
Evolution of History: 1970's - ANS Environmental history, piggyback on
environmental movement, first look at human's influence on earth
Environmental History - ANS study of mutual relations between humankind and
rest of nature, humans and nature shaping each other
3 Approaches to Env History - ANS 1. Material and Ecological- physical changes
because of humans- burning, building
2. Social and Political- connection between people's use of env and way society
develops- parks and conservation of natural resources
3. Intellectual and Ideological- how individuals have understood nature at various
points and how that shaped their actions
Example of Humans impact - ANS Jellyfish and Pigs in Australia- pigs eat turtle
eggs, turtles eat jellyfish. More pigs, less turtles, more jellyfish. Humans introduced
pigs
Ragweed-grows in cleared landscapes, cause allergies
, Thomas Midgley Jr. - ANS 1889-1944- introduced lead into gasoline and invented
Freon, destroyed ozone
How is the 5th extinction hypothesized to have happened? - ANS asteroid collision,
left layer of iridium in rock, rare on earth, common in space
Luis Alvarez and Walter Alvarez - ANS berkley professors, found iridium layers
worldwide, proposed meteor strike
Chicxulub Asteroid Strike - ANS 65 M BP, 6 miles in diameter, 2x more powerful
than nuclear explosion, huge natural disasters, brought nuclear winter- no sun,
everything bigger than dog went extinct
Australopithecus - ANS Lucy, earliest fossil record, 2-3 million BP, walked upright,
looked like ape
Habilines - ANS 2.3-1.4 M BP, between humans and apes, tool users
Homo Erectus - ANS 1.8-1.3 M BP, close to humans, smaller brains and lower
foreheads, tool and fire users
Spread of fire - ANS Africa -> southern europe -> middle east and china
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