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BIOL 114 Exam 3 Study Guide. Prokaryotes Bacteria without a nucleus Morphology The study of the form and structure of organisms Rod or bacillus A prokaryotic cell shape that is cylindrical

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  • August 19, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • biol 114 exam 3 study guide prokaryotes bacteria

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BIOL 114 Exam 3 Study Guide.
Prokaryotes

Bacteria without a nucleus

Morphology

The study of the form and structure of organisms

Rod or bacillus

A prokaryotic cell shape that is cylindrical

Sphere or coccus

A prokaryotic cell shape that is spherical

Spiral or spirochete

A prokaryotic cell shape that is helical

Pleiomorphic

Having multiple shapes or forms

Comma-shaped or vibrio

A prokaryotic cell shape that is curved like a comma

Chains or strepto-

Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a chain-like structure

Clusters or staphylo-

Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a cluster-like structure

Cube or sarcina

Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a cube-like structure

Stacked or palisades

Arrangement of prokaryotic cells in a stacked or fence-like structure

Gram staining

A staining technique used to classify bacteria into Gram-positive or Gram-negative

Positive have thick cell wall (peptidoglycan)

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Negative have thin cell wall

, Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall

Acid-fast have mycolic acid cell wall

Acid-fast bacteria have a cell wall containing mycolic acid

Capsule (greased pig)

A structure surrounding some bacteria that provides protection and adherence

Flagellum

A whip-like structure used for movement in bacteria

Fimbriae (Velcro)

Short, hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria used for attachment

Endospores (gram+ only) to survive harsh or unfavorable conditions

Dormant structures formed by some Gram-positive bacteria to survive harsh conditions

Archaea

Prokaryotes that live in extreme environments

Halophile

An organism that thrives in high salt concentrations

Thermophile

An organism that thrives in high temperatures

Methanogens

Archaea that produce methane as a byproduct of their metabolism

Protists

Eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, animals, or fungi

SAR

A supergroup of protists that includes stramenopiles, alveolates, and rhizarians

Stramenopiles - diatoms, brown algae

A group of protists that includes diatoms and brown algae

Alveolates - ciliated parasites

A group of protists that includes ciliated parasites

Rhizarians - like amoebas but grow a "shell"

A group of protists that are similar to amoebas but have a shell-like structure

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