Biology 114 Exam 4 (Answered) 181 Questions
and Correct Answers With Complete Solution,
Latest Updated Fall 2024/2025. 100% Correct.
Genes
_______ are the basic units of heredity in all living organisms
gene
a _______ consists of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA
genome
a ________ is the complete set of genes present within the chromosomes of an organism
genotype
________ is the complete set of genes in an individual
phenotype
a __________ is an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
gene expression
________ ________ is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis for protein-coding genes
transcription (RNA synthesis)
__________ is the synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template
DNA to protein
all cells are governed by what can be called ______ ___ _____ cellular chain of command
prokaryotic RNA transcription
when does transcription and translation happen at the same time?
eukaryotic RNA transcription
When does transcription happen inside the nuclear envelope while translation happens outside?
genetic code
the _______ ______ is the set of rules by which information encoded in DNA sequences consisting of
only 4 bases is translated by living cells into proteins consisting of up to 20 amino acids.
triplet code
, the genetic code is based on a ______ ______ a series of non-overlapping three nucleotide sequences
called codons
transcription
During __________, one of the two DNA strands called the template strand, provides a template for
ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA _________.
stop codons
Three codons are the ______ ______ which signal the termination of translation
AUG
what is the universal start codon _____?
promoter
The DNA sequence of a gene where RNA polymerase initially binds to is called the __________.
RNA polymerase
RNA synthesis is catalyzed by an enzyme called _______ ___________.
transcription unit
The stretch of DNA that is being transcribed is called the ___________ ________.
transcription factors
In eukaryotes, proteins called _________ _________ mediate the binding of RNA polymerase to the
promoter and initiation of _________
TATA Box
A promoter called a _____ _____ is crucial in forming the initiation complex in eukaryotes.
bacteria
In __________, RNA polymerase stops transcription at the end of the DNA transcription unit referred to
as the terminator.
eukaryotes
In ___________, RNA polymerase continues transcription after the primary RNA transcript is hydrolyzed
from the growing RNA chain and eventually "falls off" the DNA.
how is the eukaryotic pre-mRNA molecule is modified in a particular way?
- The 5' end is capped with a modified guanine nucleotide
- The 3' end gets a poly-adenosine tail
what is the purpose of a 5' cap and poly-A tail functions?
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