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BIO-114 Exam 4 Prep (Answered) 156 Questions and Correct Answers With Complete Verified Solutions, 100% Correct| Updated Fall 2024/2025. $12.99
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BIO-114 Exam 4 Prep (Answered) 156 Questions and Correct Answers With Complete Verified Solutions, 100% Correct| Updated Fall 2024/2025.
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BIO-114 Exam 4 Prep (Answered) 156 Questions and Correct Answers With Complete Verified Solutions, 100% Correct| Updated Fall 2024/2025.

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  • August 19, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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BIO-114 Exam 4 Prep (Answered) 156 Questions and
Correct Answers With Complete Verified Solutions,
100% Correct| Updated Fall 2024/2025.
synapomorphies uniting animals

-Gene sequencing
-Morphologies: Extracellular matrix molecules(collagen, proteoglycan). Unique cell junctions (tight
junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions)

what is the common ancestor of animals?

choanoflagellates
- colonial flagellated protists

why become a colony?

Some cells in the colony may specialize for different tasks

cleavage

the first few divisions of a zygote
-Cleavage patterns distinguish animal groups:

radial cleavage

cells divide completely and evenly (ancestral)

spiral cleavage

complex division (derived)

gastrulation

a series of cell and tissue movements in which the blastula-stage embryo folds inward, producing a
gastrula.

gastrula

an embryo at the stage following the blastula, when it is a hollow cup-shaped structure with an indent
called a blastopore

diploblastic

animals have 2 cell layers (ectoderm and endoderm)

triploblastic

animals have 3 cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)

what are the 2 ways triploblastic animals can develop?

,protostomes and deuterostomes

protostome

the blastopore becomes the mouth ("mouth first")

deuterostome

he blastopore becomes the anus ("mouth second")

What are the 3 possible kinds of symmetry an animal can have if not asymmetrical?

spherical symmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry

spherical symmetry

A body form in which any cut through the organism's center results in identical halves

radial symmetry

Symmetry about a central axis.

bilateral symmetry

arrangement of body parts so there are distinct left and right halves that mirror each other

cephalization

concentration of sensory and nervous tissue at the head-end (bilaterally symmetrical animals only)

What are the 3 types of body cavities an animal can have?

acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate

Acoelomate

-No fluid filled body cavity
-Space between gut and body wall is filled with cells called mesenchyme
-Movement by cilia

pseudocoelomate

-Body cavity is a pseudocoel: a fluid-filled space where organs are suspended
-Muscles only on the outside

coelomate

-Coelom develops within mesoderm
-Lined with a layer of tissue that also covers organs
-More control over movement of fluids within body cavity

Body cavities can act as hydrostatic skeletons, what does this mean?

, When muscles contract they push fluid to another part of the cavity, which causes that region to expand
(locomotion for earthworms)
-An animal with circular and longitudinal muscles can have even greater control over movement

What is the purpose of segmentation?

-Facilitates specialization of body regions
-Allows animal to alter body shape and control movements precisely

which groups of animals have jointed limbs?

arthropods and vertabrets

What are the types of nervous systems an animal can have?

none, diffuse nervous system, or central nervous system

diffuse nervous system

nerve cells are distributed throughout the organism, usually beneath the outer epidermal layer. Large
concentrations of nerve cells—as in the brain—are not found in these systems, though there may be
ganglia, or small local concentrations of neurons.

central nervous system

Made up of a brain and spinal cord

-Coordinates muscle action and movement

-Processes sensory information

-Light, sound, movement, touch,electrical fields, chemical signals Learning

endoparasites

live inside host, often have no digestive system (absorb nutrients through diffusion)

ectoparasites

live on the outside of host, often have mouth parts to pierce or suck out host fluid

detritivores

-Feed on decomposing organic matter(detritus)
-Important ecosystem function by returning nutrients to the environment

direct development

babies very similar to adults

indirect development

babies differ dramatically from adults

what is metamorphosis?

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