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Bio 114 Exam 4 (UA) (Answered) 108 Questions and Correct Answers With Verified Solutions, 100% Correct. Updated Fall 2024/2025. $11.49
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Bio 114 Exam 4 (UA) (Answered) 108 Questions and Correct Answers With Verified Solutions, 100% Correct. Updated Fall 2024/2025.
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Bio 114 Exam 4 (UA) (Answered) 108 Questions and Correct Answers With Verified Solutions, 100% Correct. Updated Fall 2024/2025.

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  • August 19, 2024
  • 9
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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Bio 114 Exam 4 (UA) (Answered) 108 Questions and
Correct Answers With Verified Solutions, 100% Correct.
Updated Fall 2024/2025.
Operator

The "switch" is a segment of DNA called an operator usually positioned within the promoter

Operon

the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promoter, and the genes that they control

Repressor

A protein that binds to an operator and physically blocks RNA polymerase from binding to a promoter
site

Corepressor

a molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off

Inducer

A specific small molecule that inactivates the repressor in an operon.

Cell Differentiation

the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

Cytoplasmic Determinants

Maternal substances in egg that influence the course of early development.

Oncogenes

are cancer-causing genes in some types of viruses.

Proto-oncogenes

the corresponding normal cellular genes that are responsible for normal cell growth and division.

Tumor Suppressor Genes

normally help prevent uncontrolled cell growth

Tumor-suppressor proteins

Repair damaged DNA
Control cell adhesion
Act in cell-signaling pathways that inhibit the cell cycle

Virus

, an infectious particle consisting of genes packaged in a protein coat

Capsid

The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in
shape.

Capsids are built from protein subunits called?

Capsomeres

What is the lytic cycle?

a phage replicative cycle that culminates in the death of the host cell

what does the lytic cycle produce?

new phages and lyses (breaks open) the host's cell wall, releasing the progeny viruses.

Virulent Phage

A phage that reproduces only by the lytic cycle.

The lysogenic cycle

replicates the phage genome without destroying the host

Prophage

the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA

What happens when the cell divides in the lysogenic cycle?

it copies the phage DNA and passes the copies to daughter cells

Temperate Phages

Phages that use both the lytic and lysogenic cycles

There are two key variables used to classify viruses that infect animals

An RNA or DNA genome
A single-stranded or double-stranded genome

Provirus

The viral DNA that is integrated into the host genome

Vaccines

harmless derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses
against the harmful pathogen

Plant viruses spread disease in two major modes:

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