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CPH Exam: Biostatistics with verified solutions graded A+
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CPH Exam: Biostatistics with verified solutions graded A+
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CPH Exam: BiostatisticsBiostatistics definition: - correct answer ✔✔The development and application of statistical reasoning and
methods in addressing, analyzing, and solving problems in public health, health care, biomedical, clinical,
and population-based research.
Population - correct answer ✔✔the collection of all units (usually people) that we wish to make
inferences about.
Sample - correct answer ✔✔a subset of the population
Bias - correct answer ✔✔*a systematic error in a study that leads to uncertainty about the estimates
generated from the study.
*actually caused by the investigators in the design or conduct of the study
Paramaters - correct answer ✔✔Summary measures based on population data
Statistics - correct answer ✔✔estimates derived from sample data
Descriptive statistics - correct answer ✔✔involves describing the data collected in the study sample
Inferential statistics - correct answer ✔✔involves generating inferences about population parameters
based on estimates derived from the study sample.
Discrete variables - correct answer ✔✔*variables that assume only a finite number of values
*Ex. whether or not a participant is taking lipid lowering treatment (yes or no), their blood type (A, B, AB
or O), or symptom severity (none, mild, moderate, or severe).
Dichotomous - correct answer ✔✔Discrete variables with two response options
, Categorical/nominal - correct answer ✔✔discrete variables with more than 2 unordered response
options
Ordinal variables - correct answer ✔✔discrete variables with more than 2 ordered response options
Continuous variables (quantitative) - correct answer ✔✔*can take on any value within a range of
plausible values.
*Ex. total serum cholesterol level, height, weight and systolic blood pressure
Time to event variables - correct answer ✔✔reflect the time to a particular event such as a heart attack,
cancer remission or death
Continuous variables summarized by: - correct answer ✔✔*measures of central tendency and variability.
Central tendency and variability: - correct answer ✔✔*mean and standard deviation.
*when there are outliers, use median and interquartile range(Q3-Q1)
standard deviation equation: - correct answer ✔✔...
Outliers - correct answer ✔✔*values either abouve Q3 + 1.5(Q3-Q1) or below Q1-1.5(Q3-Q1)
Categorical and ordinal variables bet summarized by: - correct answer ✔✔*frequency (count) and
proportio nor relative frequency of participants in each response category.
Bar chart - correct answer ✔✔*used to summarize a categoricla or nominal variable
Histogram - correct answer ✔✔*used to summarize ordinal data.
Box-and-Whisker plot - correct answer ✔✔*used to summarize continuous data.
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