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PHM 2612 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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PHM 2612 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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PHM 2612 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutionsactive follow-up Correct Answers The investigator, through
direct contact with the cohort, must obtain data on subsequent
incidence of the outcome (disease, change in risk factor, change
in biological marker)
Accomplished through follow-up mailings, phone calls, or
written invitations to return to study sites/centers.
active immunization Correct Answers to protect the individual
from the pathogen and the host population from the epidemic
adjusted rates Correct Answers applied to remove the effect of
differences in composition of various populations, makes
population comparable (not real rates)
age-specific rate Correct Answers number of cases per age
group of population during a specified time period
agent Correct Answers the microbe that causes disease
analytic studies Correct Answers answers how and why;
identifies the cause of a health problem; comparison group;
determinants
analytical epidemiology Correct Answers allows for the
genesis of research to determine the cause of the problem
analytical studies Correct Answers use a comparison group to
test a hypothesis
,antigenic drift Correct Answers smaller antigenic changes
antigenic shift Correct Answers major change in antigenic
character of a pathogen
attack rate Correct Answers used for diseases observed in a
population for a short time period, often in outbreak
investigations, not a true rate because element of time is missing
bias Correct Answers the results of systematic error in the
design or conduct of a study
blinding Correct Answers investigator is unaware of the
participant's treatment assignment
carriers Correct Answers an infected person or animal that
harbors a specific infectious agent in the absence of discernible
clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection to
others
case reports Correct Answers detailed report of diagnosis,
treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient
case series Correct Answers groups or series of case reports
involving patients who were given similar treatment
case-fatality rate Correct Answers denominator is limited to
those who already have the disease; measures severity of disease
, chronic carriers Correct Answers sheds infectious agent for
indefinite periods of time
clinical disease Correct Answers characterized by signs and
symptoms
clustering Correct Answers unusual aggregation of health
events grouped together in space and time
cohort Correct Answers a population group, or subset thereof,
that is followed over a period of time
common-source epidemic Correct Answers a single common
contaminated source
communicable period Correct Answers time during which an
infectious agent is transferred directly or indirectly from an
infected person to another person, from an infected animal to
human, or from an infected person to an animal
convalescent carriers Correct Answers continues to spread
disease during recovery
counterfactual ideal Correct Answers ideal comparison would
be of people with themselves in both an exposed and unexposed
state
counterfactual ideal Correct Answers the ideal comparison
would be of people with themselves in both an exposed and
unexposed state
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