MCB 100 UIUC Exam 2 Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
MCB 100
Institution
MCB 100
Electron Transport Chain a series of redox reaction centers that are located in a membrane and used to produce a proton motive force (PMF)
Fermentation Type of inefficient anaerobic metabolism where the terminal electron acceptor is an organic compound and waste products include lactic acid, aceti...
MCB 100 UIUC Exam 2 Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Electron Transport Chain ✅a series of redox reaction centers that are located in a
membrane and used to produce a proton motive force (PMF)
Fermentation ✅Type of inefficient anaerobic metabolism where the terminal electron
acceptor is an organic compound and waste products include lactic acid, acetic acid,
and ethanol
Photophosphorylation ✅Production of ATP using energy from photons of light to
produce a proton motive force
Aerobic Respiration ✅A type of metabolism that involves the ETC chain with oxygen
as the terminal electron acceptor
Beta-oxidation ✅Series of reactions that breaks down fatty acids to acetyl-CoA
Anaerobic Respiration ✅a type of metabolism that involves the ETC with an oxidized
mineral such as nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor
Carbohydrate catabolism ✅in anaerobic fermentation most of the ATP is produced by
substrate level phosphorylation
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ✅A three carbon sugar with 1 phosphate group that can
be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or to glycerin
Fructose-1,6-biphosphate ✅a 6-carbon sugar with two phosphate groups attached by
phosphoester bonds, it is unstable and can be cleaved to produce two 2-carbon sugars
with one phosphate each
Phosphoenolpyruvate ✅Also known as PEP, this compound has a high energy bond
that can provide the free energy to drive ATP synthesis by substrate level
phosphorylation
Glucose ✅A common 6-sugar or cab, also known as dextrose
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate ✅3-carbon sugar acid has 2 phosphate groups, one is
attached by a high energy phosphoanhydride bond that can provide the free energy to
drive ATP synthesis by substrate level phosphorylation
, Pyruvate ✅A three carbon alpha-keto-diacid that is the end product of glycolysis, it can
be converted to lactic acid, acetyl-CoA, or alanine.
NO3- -> NO2- ✅Reduction
R-CHO -> R-COOH ✅Oxidation
HOOC-CH--CH-COOH -> HOOC-CH2-CHOH-COOH ✅no redox
R-CH2OH -> R-CH3 ✅Reduction
Chemolithotrophic Bacteria ✅obtain energy from redox chemical reactions that involve
inorganic compounds. Generally involve some type of membrane-bound electron
transport chain.
negative strand RNA ✅A strand of nucleic acid that is the complement of the strand
that is read by ribosomes, this type of nucleic acid may be the genomic material or
replication intermediate of certain viruses
Transfer RNA (tRNA) ✅a molecule of nucleic acid that is covalently attached to an
amino acid and brings and places the correct amino acids into the ribosome. Clove-leaf
structure.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) ✅A molecule of nucleic acid that is important structural
element of the ribosome. Single stranded but can fold back like a hair pin.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) ✅A molecule of nucleic acid that contains the information
needed to direct the synthesis of a protein by a ribosome
Protein ✅A molecule that is a chain of amino acids and may be an enzyme or a
component of the structure of a cell
Double Stranded DNA ✅The repository of genetic information in all cellular life forms
Promoter ✅Sequence of DNA that acts as the site where RNA polymerase binds and
begins transcription
Operator ✅sequence of DNA where a protein can bind and control the expression of
near-by genes
Operon ✅Group of genes that are physically next to each other on the chromosome
and expressed as a unit
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