Exam (elaborations)
AP Biology Unit 1, AP Biology Unit 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
- Course
- Institution
AP Biology Unit 1, AP Biology Unit 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
[Show more]
Content preview
AP Biology Unit 1, AP Biology Unit 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+Graded | 100% Verified
Matter - Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Element - Substance that cannot be broken down to other substances through chemical reactions. Each
has a symbol. 92 occurring in nature.
Compound - Substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.
*Characteristics different than those of its elements
CHON - 4 elements essential to life
Trace Elements - Required by an organism only in minute quantities.
Atom - Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. Composed of subatomic
particles. Mostly empty space.
Subatomic particles - Neutrons, protons, electrons. Make up atoms.
Proton - One unit of positive charge. Approximately one dalton. Located in nucleus.
Electron - One unit of negative charge. Located outside of nucleus.
Atomic Nucleus - Dense core packed with protons and neutrons.
Neutrons - Electrically neutral. Approximately one dalton.
Atomic Number - The number of protons (which is unique to that element) and written as a subscript to
left of element symbol. Also tells us number of electrons since P=E if atom is neutral
,Mass Number - Sum of the protons and the neutrons. An approximation of the atomic mass.
Isotopes - Same number of protons, but different number of neutrons and therefore different mass.
Same element.
Radioactive Isotope - One in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
Can decay to a different element. Have useful applications.
Energy - Capacity to cause change
Potential Energy - Energy matter possesses because of its location or structure. Electrons have this
based on distance from nucleus.
Electron Shells - Where electrons are found, each with characteristic average distance and energy level.
Electrons can change these by absorbing or losing energy.
Valence Electrons - Electrons in the outermost shell.
Chemical Bonds - The attraction that holds atoms together during an interaction.
Covalent Bond - Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.
Molecule - Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Single Bond - One pair of shared electrons.
Structural Formula - H--H. Notation which represents both atoms and bonding.
Double Bond - Sharing two pairs of valence electrons.
, Valence - Bonding capacity. Equal to the number of unpaired electrons required to complete the
outermost (valence) shell.
Electronegativity - The attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond.
Nonpolar Covalent Bond - Covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally.
Polar Covalent Bond - Where one atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom and the electrons of
the bond are not shared equally.
Ionic Bonds - The attraction of cations and anions. The transfer of electrons creates ions which form an
ionic bond.
Ion - A charged atom.
Cation - A positively charged atom.
Anion - A negatively charged atom.
Ionic Compounds - Or Salts. Compounds formed by ionic bonds.
Hydrogen Bond - When a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom is also attracted
to another electronegative atom.
van der Waals Interactions - Ever changing regions of positive and negative charge that enable all atoms
and molecules to stick to one another.
Molecular Shape - Determines how biological molecules recognize and respond to one another.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller oneclass. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.48. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82191 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now