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AP Biology Unit 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified

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AP Biology Unit 1 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%
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Carbohydrate Examples - glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, monosaccharides,
disaccharides, polysaccharides



Disaccharide - A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.



Monosaccharide - A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.



Polysaccharide - Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides



Glycosidic Linkage - A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.



Starch - A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.



Cellulose - A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms



Lipid Examples - fatty acids, fats, saturated fats, unsaturated fats, steroids, phospholipids, cholesterol,
triglycerides



Unsaturated Fat - A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon
atoms.



Saturated Fat - A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms



Steroid - lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings



Phospholipid - a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes

, Nucleotide - monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base



Nucleic Acid Examples - DNA, RNA, (ATP and ADP are modified nucleic acids)



Protein Examples - amino acids, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures, collagen,
hemoglobin, enzymes



Triglyceride - a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule



Amino Acid Examples - glutamine, proline, cysteine, lycine, ...



Primary Structure of a Protein - sequence of amino acids



Secondary Structure of a Protein - protein structure is formed by folding and twisting of amino acid
chain



Tertiary Structure of a Protein - protein structure is formed when the twists and folds of the secondary
structure fold again to from a larger 3D structure



Quaternary Structure of a Protein - protein structure is a protein consisting of more than one folded
amino acid chain



Disulfide Bridge - The covalent bond between two sulfur atoms (-S—S-) linking two molecules or remote
parts of the same molecule.



Hydrogen Bonds - Very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the
electrostatic atom in another molecule



nucleic acid - kind of macromolecule that stores, transfers, and expresses genetic information

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