Antibiotic - A type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.
They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
GMO - The result of a laboratory process where genes from the DNA of one species are extracted and
artificially forced into the genes of an unrelated plant or animal.
Recombinant DNA - DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as
molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that
would not otherwise be found in the genome.
Making a buffer - A buffer is an aqueous solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base or a
weak base and its conjugate acid. A buffer's pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or
base is added to it. It is used to prevent any change in the pH of a solution, regardless of solute.
The order of amino acids on a polypeptide chain is encoded by - mRNA
mRNA - RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify
the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
rRNA - RNA component of the ribosome, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms
DNA - Molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and
reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses
Regulatory Proteins - Proteins which regulate the contraction of muscle by controlling the interaction of
myosin and actin. Calcium is an essential component of this reaction. The two proteins are troponin and
tropomyosin
How do DNA molecules differ from one to the other? - The way nitrogenous bases pair
, Agar - A gelatinous substance obtained from various kinds of red seaweed and used in biological culture
media and as a thickener in foods.
What part of an amino acid differs from one to the other? - Amino acids share a common structure
except for one chemical group (R, side chain) attached to the central carbon atom. The 20 different R
groups give amino acid individual characteristics. The sequence of different amino acids will then give
each protein unique characteristics.
Amino Group - functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom attached by single bonds to hydrogen
atoms, alkyl groups, aryl groups, or a combination of these three
R Group - An abbreviation for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of
the molecule
Carboxyl Group - weak acids, dissociating partially to release hydrogen ions
Coomassie Blue Stain - commonly used for staining proteins in analytical biochemistry
Silver Stain - It is used widely as a screen for fungal organisms
PAGE Loading Dye - It generally contains a dye to assess how "fast" your gel is running and a reagent to
render your samples denser than the running buffer
Ethidium Bromide - used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for
techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis
SDS - A very common method for separating proteins by electrophoresis uses a discontinuous
polyacrylamide gel as a support medium and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to denature the proteins
CDC - centers for disease control
USDA - Department of Agriculture
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