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Binghamton Bio 114 exam 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Binghamton Bio 114 exam 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Binghamton Bio 114 exam 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+Graded | 100% Verified
Genetic Drift - the constant changing of allele frequencies (that percentage of all alleles any one, or
more, allele occupies in a population) in a population over time, due to random mating.
Random Mating - has the effect of changing how frequently an allele is found in a population.
GENETIC DRIFT IS RANDOM, ALWAYS DRIFTING UP AND DOWN
bottlenecks - where a gene pool is significantly reduced for some reason and a relatively small allele
diversity remains.
Founder event/effect - a change in allele frequencies that occurs when a new population is established
in a new area by a group of individuals. especially in small groups, allele frequencies probably differ from
the source population (common in the colonization of isolated habitats). each time a founder event
occurs, a founder effect is likely to accompany it, changing allele frequencies via genetic drift.
non-random mating - mating between individuals of the same phenotype or by those who live nearby;
assortative mating, inbreeding, and sexual selection.
assotative mating - an individual is more likely to mate with another that is similar in phenotype to itself
Inbreeding - the mating of individuals that share a recent common ancestor. "Recent" is relative to the
organism in question and the intent to introduce novel alleles into the offspring, or maintain allele
frequency distributions the way they are.
i.e., cheetahs are so genetically similar any mating can be considered inbreeding
inbreeding depression - the loss of fitness as homozygosity in resulting offspring, future generations, and
the population increases and heterozygosity decreases. Evolution does not occur here since allele
frequency does not change. Only the genotypes do
sexual selection - Special case of natural selection that favors individuals with traits that increase their
ability to obtain mates.
, sexual dimorphism - the tendency of the two sexes of a species to look different. usually caused by
male/male competition (strongest male -> more mates) and female choice (males with healthiest bodies
who can afford flashy traits -> more mates)
Carolus Linnaeus - (1707-1778) Founder of taxonomy, the branch of biology concerned with naming and
classifying organisms. Developed two part system of naming organisms, binomial nomenclature. Named
over 12,000 plants
Taxonomic Hierarchy - a system of classifying and naming species for the purpose of understanding and
establishing relatedness between species or larger groupings
genus and species - last two of the 7 basic levels of the taxonomic hierarchy; used to name an individual
type of organsim.
7 levels:
*(Domains)*
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
species - n evolutionarily independent group, meaning that mutation, selection, and drift act on the
group independently of what's happening in other groups.
biological species concept - If two populations do not interbreed in nature, or do so but fail to produce
viable offspring - they are separate species. problematic for distinguishing species in the fossil record
and for organisms whose populations do not overlap
prezygotic isolation - prevents individuals of different species from mating;
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