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Bio202 Exam 1 Review | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Bio202 Exam 1 Review | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Bio202 Exam 1 Review | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+Graded | 100% Verified
how do hormones promote body homeostasis? - by reacting on/with each other. Hormones released
from 1 place can tell other places to make other hormones. Ie body temperature
what is the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system - Endocrine system: uses
hormones, into the blood, slow and long lasting
Nervous system: uses NTXs and chemicals, not into the blood, fast
explain negative feedback - when there is a change in homeostasis and signals tell the body to change so
it will go back to normal, once normal again, it will turn off.
List the three types of intercellular communication pathways that enable the body to maintain
homeostasis - direct, paracrine, endocrine communication
direct communication - exchange of ions and molecules between cells across gap junctions; between 2
cells of the same type; directly touching
paracrine communication - uses chemical signals to transfer information from cell to cell within a single
tissue; cells are close but not touching; synapse
endocrine communication - release a hormone in one part of the body, travels through the blood and
finally gets to its destination
hormone - a compound that is secreted by 1 cell that travels through the blood to affect the activity of
other cells in the body;
stimulate synthesis of enzymes/structural proteins;
turn existing enzyme/membrane channel on/off
target organ - specific cells that possess receptors needed to bind and "read" hormonal messages
, what does the "lock and key" system refer to - A hormone receptor is specific to only one type of
hormone. Therefore, if the hormone doesn't fit in a particular receptor, it won't affect the cell/ organ.
what are the 3 ways in which hormones are classified - amino acid derivatives, peptide hormones, lipid
derivatives
amino acid derivatives - basic building block of proteins
peptide hormones - hormones composed of short chains of amino acids (a little bigger than amino acids)
lipid derivatives - sex hormones and steroids (cortico)
free hormones - short-lasting
bind to receptors on target cells
broken down and absorbed by cells of liver and kidney
broken down by enzymes in interstitial fluid
bound hormones - thyroid and steroid hormones
long-lasting
creates a reservoir of hormones until you need them
What is amplification? - 1 hormone molecule leads to a generation of a million product molecules; the
binding of a small number of hormone molecules to membrane receptors; makes message of hormone
loud to speed up the process
down regulation - cell starts to take away receptors over time; become LESS sensitive to hormones over
time because it's harder to make a change; cheesy puff example w insulin
up-regulation - absence of a hormone causes an increase in the number of hormone receptors; cells
become MORE sensitive to hormones
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