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Bio202 Exam 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Bio202 Exam 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Bio202 Exam 2 | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
systemic circulation - circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs
pulmonary circulation - Circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs
What is the specific space in the thoracic cavity where the heart is located? - mediastinum
What bone protects the heart anteriorly? - sternum and ribs
The bulk of the heart rests on this side of the body. - left
compare and contrast the apex and the base of the heart - apex- inferior end
base- broad superior portion of heart
explain the relationship between the parietal pericardium and the epicardium - parietal pericardium-
other side of the pericardial cavity
epicardium- covers the outer surface of the heart
What is the name given to the thin, tough sac which covers the heart? What happens if blood or an
infection gets caught in the space between between this sac and the heart itself? - the sac is called the
pericardial sac; an infection would be called pericardias
what is the muscular middle layer of the heart called - myocardium
what type of tissue comprises the majority of the myocardium - cardiac muscle
what is the inner lining of the heart called - endocardium
,where would you find the sulci of the heart - dividing the atrium and the ventricles
where would you find the interatrial septum and the interventricular septum of the heart - interatrial-
wall between the atria
interventricular- thicker wall between the ventricles
Where will you find the bicuspid and tricuspid valves in the heart? These valves are sometimes referred
to as AV valves? What does AV stand for? - tricuspid valve: between right atrium and ventricle
bicuspid valve: between left atrium and ventricle
AV: atrioventricular
where will you find the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves in the heart - pulmonary: below the
pulmonary trunk
aortic: below the aorta
What chambers of the heart function to receive blood from the veins? - right and left atrium
What are the bottom two chambers of the heart called? - right and left ventricle
what are the SVC and IVC? What do they drain into - SVC: superior vena cava
IVC: inferior vena cava
they take deoxygenated blood from the body and drain it into the right atrium
What is the scientific term for the "heart strings" that extend from the AV cusps to the papillary
muscles? What is their function? - chordae tendinae; they keep the blood from going back into the atrial
cavity
what does prolapse and regurgitation refer to - regurgitation: failure of valves
prolapse: valve opens backwards
, what are papillary muscles? what are their functions - projections that are attached to the chordae
tendinae; they prevent prolapse from happening
which side of the heart has a thicker ventricular wall? - the left side because it needs to have enough
muscle to pump the oxygenated blood to the other side of the body
what are the veins that carry oxygenated blood - pulmonary veins
what are the arteries that carry deoxygenated blood - pulmonary arteries
What is the largest artery in the body? - aorta
what are the roles of the coronary arteries and veins - coronary arteries- supply oxygenated blood to the
heart
coronary veins- drain away the blood once deoxygenated
What does myogenic mean - heartbeat originates within heart
What does autorhythmic mean? - regular, spontaneous depolarization
what region of the heart is referred to as the pacemaker - the sinoatrial node (SA)
What ion is responsible for repolarization? - Potassium
how does the length of the action potential compare to an action potential in skeletal muscle cell? why
is this important? - in a typical nerve the AP is about 1ms, in skeletal muscle cells, the duration is about
2-5ms
describe the importance of the plateau in a heart cell's action potential. What ion is responsible - it
prevents irregular heartbeat by serving as a refractory period so no other AP can be made; Calcium ions
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