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Biology 114 Final Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Biology 114 Final Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Biology 114 Final Exam | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+Graded | 100% Verified
Science - process of identifying patterns and asking questions, helps us to understand patterns through
asking questions
hypothesis - theory that is specific, testable and can produce rejectable statements in an attempt to
answer a question
theory - umbrella like concept of hypothesis, in science it needs a tremendous amount of evidence
supporting the concept and patterns it describes
pattern - refers to the general observations of repetition one sees within a syste,
process - mechanism, or way in which the pattern occurs
proximate - refers to that which occurs in the short term
ultimate - refers to a longer timeframe
cell theory - all organisms are made of cells and contain chemicals, and all cells come from preexisting
cells
cell - a naturally occurring compartment bounded by a thin, flexible, membrane and contains chemicals
in an aqueous solution that perform life functions
life is continuous - 60 trillion cells that make up the body came from a single celled fertilized egg. the
zygote came from the fusion of your parents gametes
evolutionary theory - all life as we know it is the product of evolutionary processes, if certain heritable
traits help individuals produce more offspring, then those traits become more common n the population
over time
,evolution explains - variation, how it came about and what can happen if environmental conditions
change
all species are - related to each other through common ancestry
natural selection - -process by which individuals possess alleles selected for and some against, leads to a
decrease of allele frequency due to random events
Biological Hierarchy - framework of organization regarding all life around us, it provides us with a simple
way of guaranteeing we are talking about the same terms as we consider life across varying scales
hierarchy is important - to distinguish between populations and individuals
organisms - -individuals
-collection of organ systems
organismal approach - concerned with how the organism behaves, its place in its population,
community, etc and how it survives as a result of its behaviors physiology
populations - collections of individuals of the same species, typically interbreeding
population biologists - concerned with population growth and evolutionary processes and other changes
through time
communities - a collection of populations of different species living together in the same area
community biologists - -concerned with diversity of species and relationships each species has with
other systems
ecosystem - communities plus their abiotic factors
,ecosystem synonym - biomes
biomes - refers to a collection of very similar ecosystems, largely bounded by global influences like
weather and climate
biosphere - -all the ecosystems put together
-all that gets in is sunlight and all that leaves is heat energy
biosphere scientists - concerned with climate change and other global issues
key points on hierarchy - -similarity between individuals within each level, with respect to structural and
functional complexity
-units of each level defines the next level
emergent property - the collection of the units as 1 level takes on a trait that is greater than the sum of
its parts
hierarchy - grouping of units of something into levels of groups
real grouping - exists in nature
adaptive traits - compromises produced by competing selective pressures
adaption exist - in conflict with each other, one providing success in a situation and the other is a
detriment
when selection occurs in a population - -it preserves alleles that are successful under the prevailing
environmental conditions
, when environment changes - adaptions fall behind, and an individual may look maladapted
adaptive changes in the morphology of species - are often based on small modifications of existing
structucture
adaption - a phenotype that is selected for within a population, heritable trait that increases the fitness
of the individual with that trait
contrivance - an adaption in an organism, where the adaptation exists, as a result of the modification of
the original or previous adaptation in an ancestor
exaptation - a trait that was adaptive under a prior set of conditions and later provides the initial stage
for evolution of a new adaptation(contrivance) under a new set of conditions(in descendants)
vestigial trait - a trait that entire species has that is no longer used or has no use in the present
environment, but was an adaptation for an ancestor
atavism - traits possessed by one of a few members of the population that is no longer used or has no
use on the present environment, but was likely an adaptation for an ancestor
homology - similarity in traits between individuals as a result of the inheritance of those traits from a
common ancestor
homoplasy - organisms have traits in common but don't have a common ancestor that provided them
with those traits
convergent evolution - independent natural selection of similar traits by unrelated individuals
taxonomic hierarchy - system of classifying and naming species for the purpose of understanding and
establishing relatedness between species or larger groupings
7 levels of classification - Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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