business level strategy - a strategy designed for a firm or a division of a firm that competes within a
single business
Generic Strategies - basic types of business level strategies based on breadth of target market
(industrywide versus narrow market segment) and type of competitive advantage (low cost versus
uniqueness)
overall cost leadership - a firm's generic strategy based on appeal to the industrywide market using a
competitive advantage based on low cost
experience curve - the decline in unit costs of production as cumulative output increases
competitive parity - a firm's achievement of similarity, or being "on par," with competitors with respect
to low cost, differentiation, or other strategic product characteristic.
differentiation strategy - a firm's generic strategy based on creating differences in the firm's product or
service offering by creating something that is perceived industrywide as unique and valued by customers
focus strategy - a firm's generic strategy based on appeal to a narrow market segment within an industry
combination strategies - firms' integrations of various strategies to provide multiple types of value to
customers
mass customization - a firm's ability to manufacture unique products in small quantities at low cost
profit pool - the total profits in an industry at all points along the industry's value chain
Industry Life Cycle - the stages of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline that typically occur over
the life of an industry
, introduction stage - the first stage of the industry life cycle, characterized by (1) new products that are
not known to customers,
growth stage - the second stage of the product life cycle, characterized by
(1) strong increases in sales; (2) growing competition;
(3) developing brand recognition; and
(4) a need for financing complementary value- chain activities such as marketing, sales, customer
service, and research and development.
maturity stage - the third stage of the product life cycle, characterized by
(1) slowing demand growth, (2) saturated markets, (3) direct competition, (4) price competition, and
(5) strategic emphasis on efficient operations.
reverse positioning - a break in industry tendency to continuously augment products, characteristic of
the product life cycle, by offering products with fewer product attributes and lower prices
breakaway positioning - a break in industry tendency to incrementally improve products along specific
dimensions, characteristic of the product life cycle, by offering products that are still in the industry but
that are perceived by customers as being different
decline stage - the fourth stage of the product life cycle, characterized by (1) falling sales and profits, (2)
increasing price competition, and (3) industry consolidation.
harvesting strategy - a strategy of wringing as much profit as possible out of a business in the short to
medium term by reducing costs
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