Campbell Biology Chapter 14- Mendel and the Gene Idea | Questions And Answers Latest
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gene idea - the model that says that parents pass on discrete heritable unit-genes-that retain their
separate identities in offspring
Gregor Mendel - Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his
eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
character - a heritable feature that varies among individuals (color)
trait - specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another (purple)
true-breeding - term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if
allowed to self-pollinate
hybridization - the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce
hybrids
P generation - Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross.
F1 generation - the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms
F2 generation - the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two
organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation
law of segregation - Mendel's first law, stating that each allele in a pair separates (segregates) into a
different gamete during gamete formation.
Mendel's model - 1. Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters.
2. For each character an organism inherits two copies of a gene, one from each parent.
, 3. If two alleles at the locus differ, then the dominant allele determines the organism's appearance, the
recessive has no noticeable effect.
4. Law of segregation
alleles - alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects
dominant allele - one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
recessive allele - an allele that has no noticeable effect on the phenotype of a gene when the individual
is heterozygous for that gene.
Punnett square - a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a
genetic cross
homozygous - term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
heterozygous - an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
phenotype - The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up.
genotype - the genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism
testcross - the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to
determine the unknown genotype
monohybrid - genetic cross that involves one trait
monohybrid cross - mating of two organisms that differ in only one character
dihybrid - Crosses between individuals that differ in two traits
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