Campbell Biology Chapter 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms | Questions And Answers
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sensory transduction - the conversion of stimulus energy into a change in the membrane potential of a
sensory receptor
receptor potential - A slow, graded electrical potential produced by a receptor cell in response to a
physical stimulus
transmission - communication by means of transmitted signals
sensory reception - The detection of a stimulus by sensory cells
sensory receptor - neuron that reacts to a specific stimulus, such as light or sound, by sending impulses
to other neurons and eventually to the central nervous system
perception - the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize
meaningful objects and events
Amplification - The strengthening of stimulus energy during transduction.
sensory adaptation - diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
Mechanoreceptors - A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical disturbances, such as shape
changes (being squashed, bent, pulled, etc.). Mechanoreceptors include touch receptors in the skin, hair
cells, in the ear, muscle spindles, and others.
Chemoreceptors - respond to water-soluble and lipid-soluble substances that are dissolved in the
surrounding fluid. They monitor the chemical composition of body fluids
Electromagnetic receptors - detect all electromagnetic energy (visible light, electricity, and magnetism)
, Thermoreceptors - respond to changes in temperature
nociceptors - Pain receptors
pain receptors - respond to tissue damage; triggered by mechanical, electrical, thermal or chemical
energy
statocysts - cells that sense gravity in a cnidarian
statoliths - specialized plastids containing dense starch grains, that let plants know up from down.
outer ear - the part of the ear visible externally
tympanic membrane - The eardrum. A structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and
vibrates in response to sound waves.
middle ear - the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil,
and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
oval window - Membrane at the enterance to the cochlea through which the ossicles transmit vibrations
Eustachian tube - A narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure
on both sides of the eardrum
inner ear - The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular
sacs.
cochlea - the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are
converted into nerve impulses by the Organ of Corti
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