Positive nikolsky sign- seperation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
What is the presentation of bullous pemphigoid
Type of blister
Involve oral mucosa
Immunofluorescence
2. Nikolsky sign - ANS ✓tense blister
Does not involve the oral mucosa
Immunofluorescence is linear pattern at epidermal- dermal junction
Niklosky sign is negative- no seperation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin
USMLE
, 2
USMLE
3. Antibody for RA - ANS ✓igm antibody against Fc portion of igg
MORE specific- anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody
4. What innervate the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle - ANS ✓vagus
nerve (superior laryngeal branch)
5. What muscle does CN 9 innervate (glossopharyngeal nerve)? What does
this do? - ANS ✓stylopharyngeus
Elevation of pharynx and larynx
6. What happens to amcetaminophin when we take too much of it? - ANS
✓create toxic NAPQI and deplete glutathione
7. Why is glutathione important? - ANS ✓it allows for the conversion of reactive
oxygen specific to water so less damage is done to issue
Glutathione needs to be in its reduced state to do this, once oxidized it will be reduced
with NADPH
8. What is the presentation of acute intermittent porphyria? - ANS ✓painful
abdomen
Port wine colored urine
Polyneuropathy
Worse with p450 inducers, alcohol, and starvation
Psychological issues
9. How do you treat acute intermittant porphyria - ANS ✓glucose and heme
(inhibits aminolevulionic acid dehydrogenase)
10.What mutation can cause sideroblastic anemia? Mode of transmission? -
ANS ✓aminolevulinic acid synthase
X linked
USMLE
, 3
USMLE
11.What is that pathway for ubiquination - ANS ✓ubiquinated proteins get
degraded via proteasome
12.What happens when we treat salmonella - ANS ✓prolong duration of bug in
poop
13.What happens when we treat shigella - ANS ✓lessen duration of bug in poop
14.What type of response for live attenuated vaccine give - ANS ✓induce
cellular (T cell) and humoral response (B cell)
15.What type of response for inactivated/ killed vaccine - ANS ✓humeral
response (mostly B cell)
16.What are the toxoid vaccine - ANS ✓C. Diphtheriae toxoid
C. Tetani toxoid
B. Pertussis toxoid
17.How are very long fatty acid chains broken down - ANS ✓via peroxisome
18.What is the point of pulmonary surfactance - ANS ✓decrease alveolar surface
tension- which prevents alveolar collapse
Decrease lung recoil
Increase compliance
19.What is slipped strand misreading - ANS ✓there are repeated sequences of a
certain nucleotide and the copies of homologous chromosome bind out of
registry and then cause excision of part of the DNA and future alternation of the
protein.
This would shorten the protein and cause a frame shift mutation
USMLE
, 4
USMLE
20.What is underdeveloped in digeorges - ANS ✓3rd and 4th brachial pouch
21.What is mosaicisim - ANS ✓presence of genetically distinct cell lines in the
same person
22.What causes a transesophageal hernia aka hiatal hernia - ANS ✓the fundus
of the stomach protruding out of the diaphragm
23.What is the function of glucokinase - ANS ✓convert glucose to glucose 6
phosphate in the liver and beta pancreatic cell
24.What is the function of hexokinase - ANS ✓convert glucose to glucose 6
phosphate in most tissue minus the liver and beta pancreatic cell
25.What gene mutation is associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the
young - ANS ✓glucokinase
26.What is Michaelis Menten constant - ANS ✓concentration of s substrate that is
found when the reaction has reached half its maximum velocity
27.What is on the first pharyngeal arch - ANS ✓maxillary process-> maxilla and
zygomatic bone
Mandibular process -> Meckel cartilage -> mandible, malleus and incus,
sphenomandiular ligament
Can also result in periauricular skin tags
28.What is the function of ikb on NF-kbb - ANS ✓releases NF-kb after undergoing
phosphorylation
USMLE
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