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Exam (elaborations)

NBME (all) Review

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Polio - CSF=Lymphocytic Pleocytosis MS - oligonal bands on electophoresis ALS (Lou Gherig's Disease) - defect of superoxide dismutase 1 EBV - china kissing monoclonal carcinoma of the nasopharynx Internal Iliac - branch ligation required to control heavy vaginal bleeding Streptococcus Pneumoni...

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  • August 20, 2024
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NBME (all) Review
Polio - CSF=Lymphocytic Pleocytosis

MS - oligonal bands on electophoresis

ALS (Lou Gherig's Disease) - defect of superoxide dismutase 1

EBV - china kissing monoclonal carcinoma of the nasopharynx

Internal Iliac - branch ligation required to control heavy vaginal bleeding

Streptococcus Pneumoniae - prophylaxis required if pt has a splenctomy

Locked-in Syndrome - basilar artery

Inhaled glue - "pt not themself" confusion, clumsiness, frequent falls ataxic gait

Xanthoma/ Achielles Tendon - absence of functional LDL receptors in hepatocytes

Middle Meningeal Artery - pupils 4 mm in diameter and not reactive to light; due to
trauma in temporal area

Activation of Adenylyl Cyclase Toxin - stool shows gram negative, comma-shaped
bacteria (Vibrio Cholerae)

Alveolar Macrophage HALLMARK - shipyard workers

NSAIDs use in hypertensive pt with bilateral renal artery stenosis - vasodilating
prostaglandins at the afferent arteriole

Calcitonin - marker to monitor for thyroid neoplasm

Aortic Stenosis - cardiac valve defect and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy
(systolic murmur)

MS - Charcot's Triad

Aldoesterone-secreting Adrenal Adenoma - decreased plasma renin activity

Malignant Hyperthermia - decreases release of Ca+ from the SR

9mo. old Baby - pincer grasp finger feeding standing while holding onto a table playing
peek-a-boo

Leptin - suppresses appetite by its action in the CNS

,NBME (all) Review
21-Hydroxylase - female; facial hair chest hair clitoromegaly normal uterus increased
concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione

Trypanosoma Cruzi - brazil organism (think cruziero soccer)

Resolution of Pneumococcal Pneumonia - metaplasia of mesenchymal cells to
pneumocytes

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis - Increased radial traction on airways

Early Septic Shock Rx - IV 1 liter of isotonic saline (clean the blood)

Dissecting Aneurysm X-ray - widened aortic arch

Ascites Rx in addition to loop diuretics - spironlactone

Randomized clinical trial - subjects assigned by coin toss to one of two groups

Tumor Necrosis Factor - antibodies directed against in monocolonal antibody
preparation

Ezetimibe MOA - cholesterol decreasing drug inhibiting the transport of cholesterol
through the intestinal wall

DVT Rx - potentiates the action of antithrombin III

First Degree Burn - severe erythema of back and extremities NO BLISTERS

Osteomyelitis - predominance of neutrophils persistent FOOT PAIN

Alendronate MOA - inhibition of osteoclast-mediation bone resorption

Vagus Nerve - protude the tongue and say "Ah"

GI Blood Loss labs - Hemoglobin: 9.5g/dL Leukocyte: 5400 Platelets: 350,000

Left Achilles Tendon Reflex - strong with lower extremity is immobilized in a cast

Loperamide - opioid antidiarrheal agent with little CNS effect

IgM - antibody isotype most likely causing agglutination; the isotype in anemia

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones) - can occur due to gout

Major Depressive Disorder - low energy; irritability; crying spells; difficulty falling asleep;
waking up frequently at night

,NBME (all) Review
Proliferative Endometrial Tissue seen in - biopsy of ovarian cyst and/or peritoneal cyst

5a-reductase gene mutation - labia majora would develop into scrotum

Parietal cell absence - after gastrectomy

Rosacea - erythema over nose, cheeks, and scattered telangiectasia and a few papules

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve Dysfunction Sx - constipation abdominal distension

Listeria MonOCYTOgenes - gram positive rod fever, chills, and muscle aches can occur
in pregnant women

Ultrasound shows bilateral hydronephrosis and dilated ureters - increased hydrostatic
pressure in bowman space leading to renal failure

AflAtoxin - china peanut farmer

Delirium - pt is confused by everything and is known to not behave in such a manner at
home

Bronzing of Skin - increased intestinal iron absorption

Inferior Rectal Artery - 15-mm, blue-tinged, rounded mass at the anal margin

Newborn with absence of bowel gas in abdomen - incomplete formation of
pleuroperitoneal membrane

Dynein arms - absent in epithelium in pts. with Kartagener Syndrome (Cystic Fibrosis)

Metastatic Tumor to Cerebellum - ataxia of the left upper and lower extremities

Vitamin B12 Deficiency - spasticity in arm and legs impaired proprioception in feet
increased muscle stretch reflexes in arms and knees absence of muscle stretch reflexes
in ankles bilateral extensor plantar responses

Farmer with 7-mm red scaly plaque on the helical rim of left ear - actinic keratosis

Tick Bite in Farmer Rx - doxycycline

Renal Cell Adenocarcinoma - hypervascular mass 12-cm solid mass on kidney Sx
include flank pain gross hemateuria

Physician response to pt.'s Rx noncompliance - "using something twice daily can be
difficult. I assume you are like most patients who miss at least 10% of treatments"

, NBME (all) Review
Sacroiliac Joint Inflammation sx - lower back pain with stiffness stiffness when sat for
prolonged periods of time pain radiates down to buttocks

Ringing of Ears sx - salicylate/ asprin poisioning

Ulcers Rx - sulfasalazine

Ubiquitin Ligase MOA - promotes cell growth and malignancy by causing cellular p53
protein degradation

Trophoblastic tissue - necrotic intrauterine mass and metastatic nodule in the lungs

Bilateral Bell's Palsy - adverse effect of: Lyme Disease and Guillan-Barre

Nephroblastoma sx - congenitial urethral obstruction; marked dilation of ureters and
renal pelvis minimal renal function

Thyroidectomy Consequences - decreased PTH decreased Calcium parenthesis of
hands and feet

Pudendal Nerve Block - Ischial spine injection with lidocaine alternative to epidural in
labor

Increased JVP and mild ankle edema - increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

Tricuspid Valve - 2/6 holosystolic murmur, left fifth intercoastal space ajacent to sternum
and increases with inspiration

Camping Trip results in itchy rash in arms and legs - activation of T lymphocytes

CMV infevction sx - petechial RASH, microcephaly, and HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY

Puberty begins when - breast buds develop

Hyperthyroidism sx - thyroid antibodies

HSV sx in Males - broken blisters and open sores on penis

Beta-Thalassemia - disruption of normal splicing by creation of a new 3' splice site
mutation from G --> A at position 355

Post Par-tum Depression Rx - SSRI

Fibrinous Pericarditis sx - pericardial friction rub after acute myocardial infarction

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