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PNR 106 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PNR 106 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PNR 106 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSCulture - Answers -A collection of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that is
shared and maintained by a group of people and transmitted intergenerationally
Enculturation - Answers -Cultural beliefs and norms are transferred from a group to the
individual members of the group, who adopt them and incorporate them in their
personal values and beliefs
Four features of culture - Answers -Culture is learned and acquired
Culture is shared by a group
Culture is incorporated into individuals' identity
Culture is dynamic
Ethnicity - Answers -A group of people who share the common and distinct culture
based on shared ancestry, social experience, regional and/or national history
Race - Answers -Social classification that assigns a group membership based on
physical characteristics
Subcultures - Answers -Smaller groups within the culture whose members have similar
views and goals in addition to or in place of those of the main culture
Spirituality - Answers -"Breath of life" Subjective experience that explains one's
relationship to the wholeness of the physical and non-physical world and the meaning of
one's life
Religion - Answers -Formalized system of belief and worship
Cultural relativism - Answers -An ability to recognize that each cultural group has its
own set of beliefs and that each culture should be evaluated on its own merit
IPOP - Answers -Interpreter on a pole device. Portable telephone attached to a
moveable unit
Hispanic Americans - Answers -Values family over individual. Family system is
PATRIARCHAL. Comforted by touch. Considers the spiritual dimension of life to be
important.
African Americans - Answers -Members of the church may be considered family. Family
structure is often MATRIARCHAL. Health and illness may be intertwined with religion.
American Indians - Answers -Believe illness occurs when there is disharmony of the
individual, environment or spirit world. Periods of silence and avoidance of eye contact
show respect. Consults with Shaman (medicine man)
, European Americans - Answers -Often use home remedies before seeking professional
health care. Maintain scientific view of health and illness. Extended family support often
disrupted by geographic distance
Arab americans - Answers -Touch is generally only acceptable between members of
same sex except within the family. Considered rude to pass things with left hand
(unclean). Considered rude to sit with the sole of the shoe within view of someone.
loss - Answers -To no longer possess or have an object, person, or capacity
Grief - Answers -An emotional reaction to loss
Bereavement - Answers -The state of having suffered a loss by death.
Anticipatory grieving - Answers -When a person thinks or knows that a loss is going to
occur in the future
Palliative care - Answers -The goal is to reduce or relieve the symptoms of a disease
without attempting to provide a cure
Hospice - Answers -Specialized care provided to the dying
Stages of coping with death - Answers -Denial, Anger, bargaining, depression,
acceptance
Denial - Answers -The person cannot believe the the diagnosis or prognosis. "No not
me"
Anger - Answers -The person looks for a cause or fixes blame. "Why me?"
Bargaining - Answers -The wish is for extension of life, or later for relief from pain.
Knows "good behavior is often rewarded" "if I'm good, then i get a reward"
Depression - Answers -There is a sense of great loss. "It's hopeless"
Acceptance - Answers -The pain is gone, the struggle is over, and the patient has found
peace "I'm ready"
Thanatology - Answers -The study of death
Dyphagia - Answers -difficulty swallowing
Physical signs of dying patient - Answers -Pulse increases, becomes weaker and
thready. BP declines and skin of extremities becomes mottled, cool, and dusky.
Respirations shallow and irregular
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