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Defensive Tactics (+ PPCT) Questions and Answers Graded A+
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Defensive Tactics (+ PPCT)What documented research does this system have to validate the techniques and
training components? - answerTactical Research, Medical Research, Legal Research,
Survival Stress Research, Motor Learning Research
What is the basic philosophy of the system; control self-defense, martial arts? -
answerThe HFRG system evolves this standard by adding survival stress (physiology)
research and motor learning research as stand-alone design modules.
What medical research has been conducted on the selection of the techniques? -
answer6 medical studies examining the safety and medical implications of HFRG
subject control system. Conducted by vascular surgeons, dental surgeons,
neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons, with additional input from chiropractors.
What research has been conducted on the practicality of an officer having to execute a
technique in stressful environments? - answerTactical Research
How does the most recent stress research apply to the design of the system? -
answerThe research provides a science-based explanation or many of the unexpected
behaviors of criminal justice officers under stress. It also provides the framework for the
design of the use of force system.
Identify the predictable physical levels/actions of resistance. - answer
Identify the predictable level of stress the officer is exposed to during different types of
resistance and threats. - answer
Select control techniques that are conducive to predictable levels of resistance. -
answer
Verify the medical implications of techniques as being proportional to the level of
resistance. - answer
Identify the "theory of application" for each technique. - answer
Identify the mental states in combat. - answerCombat anxiety "the anticipation of
danger", survival stress "Deadly force threat perception that initiates the SNS
discharge", combat stress "post event mental and physiological systems that are a
result of the SNS activation and the sudden return to the PNS.
, Define the autonomic nervous system including its two branches, their functions, and
the balance between the two. - answerANS is the organs of our body, such as the heart,
stomach, and intestines, are regulated by a part of the nervous system called ANS. The
two branches are PNS and SNS (SNS "fight or flee" PNS "rest and digest". The balance
between the two is called homeostasis. During this stage there is a high level of
cerebral cortex processing, which allows a person to be smart, deliberate and precise.
Identify the Sympathetic Nervous System triggers. - answerObjective threat
perceptions, objective fear perceptions, physical exhaustion, startle response.
Identify the physiological changes caused by SNS Activation. - answerIncreased
adrenal activity, which will affect heart rate and respiration. A second set of changes
occurs in the blood vessels which affects certain types of motor skills. The contour of
the eye lens changes and the pupils become dilated. Auditory exclusion may occur.
Identify how SNS activation affects combat performance. - answerCan drive the heart
rate from normal range of 60-80 BPM to over 200 BPM.
Define perceptual narrowing. - answerEach of the perceptual senses, (sight, sound,
touch, taste, smell and the six senses), provides the brain with a constant flow of
information.
Describe the effects of SNS activation on vision. - answerIn survival stress environment,
this has a devastating impact on the officer's ability to perform a task since the visual
system plays such a vital role in nearly every aspect.
Describe the effects if SNS activation on sight alignment. - answerFor sight alignment,
you might have to change stances depending on what you are comfortable with. An
example, activation of the SNS alerts the visual system for more information about the
threat. The visual system makes two significant changes to increase light and
information.
Describe the effects of SNS activation on vision and stance selection. - answerSNS will
adjust the body to receive as much information as possible to survive the threat.
Describe how the three stages of memory relate to combat performance - answerShort
term sensory store, using the perceptual senses, the STSS receives the information and
holds an image. Second one, short term memory, analyzes and evaluates the
information received and formulates a strategy based upon training and past
experience. Last, long term memory, which will result in an increase in reaction time
when the STM is unable to analyze.
Describe how the survival reaction time model corresponds with the effects of SNS
activation on vision. - answerAs the visual field collapses and sensory perception is
disrupted, this being step 1, the brains ability to analyze and evaluate information, step
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