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2ND WEEK: INTRODUCTION TO NURSING (TAYLOR CH. 1) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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2ND WEEK: INTRODUCTION TO NURSING (TAYLOR CH. 1) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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2ND WEEK: INTRODUCTION TONURSING (TAYLOR CH. 1) QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
nursing - ANSWER is the care of others, Focus on the person receiving care, Blend of both science and art
of nursing.
The science of nursing - ANSWER the knowledge base for the care that is given.
The art of nursing - ANSWER the skilled application of that knowledge to help others reach maximum
health and quality of life.
Pre-civilization - ANSWER Theory of animism: Belief that good and evil spirits bring health and illness;
Physician as medicine man; Nurse portrayed as mother caring for family (nurturing role).
Beginning of Civilization - ANSWER Belief that illness is caused by sin and gods' displeasure; Temples
were centers of medical care; Priest as physician; Nurse viewed as slave carrying out menial tasks
ordered by priests.
Beginning of 16th Century - ANSWER Focus on religion replaced by focus on warfare.Exploration and
expansion of knowledge; Shortage of nurses: criminals recruited; Nursing considered disreputable.
18th-19th Century - ANSWER Social reform began. Nursing as we know it began
Florence Nightingale - ANSWER 19th century Known as "the lady with the lamp." She began the 1st
formal school of nursing.
Contributions of Florence Nightingale - ANSWER • Established standards for hospital management.•
Established nursing education and respected occupation for women.• Recognized two components of
nursing—health and illness.• Believed that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine.• Instituted
occupational and recreational therapy for ill people.• Stressed the need for continuing education for
nurses.• Maintained accurate records which was the beginning of nursing research.
• Clara Barton - ANSWER 19th Century, volunteered to mend wound for the union, established red cross
• Dorothea Dix - ANSWER superintendent of female nurses in the army during civil war; crusaded the
reform of the treatment of mentally ill PT's
• Linda Richards - ANSWER first professionally trained nurse in the u.s. began the practice of keeping
detailed records and writing down orders
• Lillian Wald - ANSWER founded public health nursing, did neighborhood nursing services for the poor
in lower east side new york
• Mary Elizabeth Mahoney - ANSWER america's first african american nurse
, • Harriet Tubman - ANSWER a nurse and abolitionist,helped in underground railroad
• Sojourner Truth - ANSWER provided care for solders during civil war and worked for women's suffrage
Isabel Hampton Robb - ANSWER 1st president of ANA
• Lavinia Dock - ANSWER 20th Century, instrumental in women's sufferage
• Mary Breckenridge - ANSWER 20th Century, established frontier nursing service and one of the first
midwifery schools in US
Post Civil War - ANSWER Hospital schools organized; Female nurses under the control of male hospital
administrators and physicians; Male dominance in health care; Modern methods of nursing education
founded.
World War II - ANSWER Explosion of knowledge in medicine and technology; Efforts to upgrade nursing
education; Women more assertive and independent.
1950's to Present - ANSWER Varied health care settings developed; Nursing broadened in all areas;
Growth of nursing as a profession.
The word Nursing - ANSWER Originated from the Latin word nutrix (to nourish).
• ICN definition of nursing - ANSWER promotion of health, prevention of illness, collaborative care.
• ANA definition: social policy statement - ANSWER describes social context of nursing, knowledge base
of nursing practice, standards and regulations of professional practice; Patient is the central focus
• Nursing Aims To promote health - ANSWER Objective is to reduce the risk for illness, promote good
health habits, and maintain optimal functioning.
• Nursing Aims To prevent illness - ANSWER Nurses prevent illness by teaching and personal habit.
• Nursing aims To restore health - ANSWER This is traditionally the nurse's responsibility, Assessment,
Referral, Providing direct care, Collaboration, Planning, teaching, & providing rehab, Working in mental
health and chemical-dependency programs
• Nursing Aims To facilitate coping with disability or death - ANSWER Work with both the identified
patient and family, Facilitate coping with altered function, life crisis, or death, Identify every patient's
strengths to maintain optimal life as long as possible, Provide end of life care for patient and loved one.
• Health - ANSWER is a state of optimal functioning or well-being—not an absence of disease.
• World Health Organization (WHO) - ANSWER ones health includes physical social and mental
components and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Health very subjective - ANSWER a person may be medically diagnosed with illness but still consider
themselves healthy
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