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GMS6121 Exam 4: Questions with Complete Solutions

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GMS6121 Exam 4: Questions with Complete Solutions Listeria monocytogenes characteristics - Answer--Gm(+) rod -Non-spore forming -Serogrouped by type of teichoic acid -Motile Listeria monocytogenes encounter - Answer--Soil -Foodborne (meat, dairy) -Genital tract of mother Listeria mon...

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  • August 20, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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GMS6121 Exam 4: Questions with
Complete Solutions

Listeria monocytogenes characteristics - Answer--Gm(+) rod
-Non-spore forming
-Serogrouped by type of teichoic acid
-Motile

Listeria monocytogenes encounter - Answer--Soil
-Foodborne (meat, dairy)
-Genital tract of mother

Listeria monocytogenes disease outcome - Answer--Newborn meningitis
-Opportunistic
-Septicemia
-Abortion (miscarriages)

Listeria monocytogenes entry - Answer--Oral
-Transplacental

Listeria monocytogenes spread - Answer-Invade non-phagocytes (InIA - E Cadherin)
-Lyse the phagosome (Listeriolysin O [LLO])
-LLO toxin enters the cytoplasm
-Utilize host actin to spread from cell-to-cell

Invade through the mucosal surface into the bloodstream (septicemia)
Cross the BBB (inflammation causes BBB permeability)

How does Listeria monocytogenes escape host defenses? - Answer--Intracellular
-Infects macrophages (escapes vacuole)
-Peptidoglycan deacetylation (TLR-2)

How does Listeria monocytogenes cause damage in bacterial meningitis? - Answer--
Inflammation (triggered by peptidoglycan)
-Fluid accumulation
-Increased intracranial pressure
-Hydrocephalus and brain damage (permanent)

OUTCOMES

HIGHLY LETHAL IF NOT TREATED

, NON-COMMUNICABLE EXCEPT FOR MOTHER TO BABY

Haemophilus influenzae Type B - Answer--Gm(-) rod
-Encapsulated (Type B antigen)
-All other types are less likely to causes disease
-Primary cause of bacterial meningitis in children 6 months to 2 years
-Vaccine available (almost eliminated it)

-

HiB encounter - Answer--Humans only
-Respiratory droplet or saliva
-Can be endogenous (sets up shop slowly)

HiB entry - Answer--URT (nasopharynx)
-Adherence factors (fimbriae)
-Hap (Haemophilus adhesion and penetration, auto-transporter)

HiB spread - Answer-Invade from URT into blood, then cross the blood-brain barrier to
CNS

HiB growth requirements - Answer-Fastidious, requires chocolate agar

How does HiB evade host defenses? - Answer--Extracellular
-Capsule
-Phosphorylcholine decoration of LOS (tricks anti-LOS IgG)
-Sialylation of LOS
-Binds complement factor H
-IgA protease

How does HiB cause damage to host? - Answer--Inflammation
-LPS
-Protein D - ciliated epithelium (glycerophosphodiesterase)

HiB infection outcomes - Answer--Death
-Neurological sequellae
-Transmission to new host (droplet/saliva)

HiB vaccine - Answer--Humoral IgG against capsule prevents systemic infection by
opsonization
-Composed of type B carbohydrate coupled to protein
-Drastically reduced meningitis by HiB
-Single serological type of capsule makes vaccination easier and more effective
-Part of the standard infant/childhood regimen

Neisseria meningitidis characteristics - Answer--Gm(-) diplococcus

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