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BMSC 230 Module 8 questions with correct answers 2024/2025
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BMSC 230 Module 8 questions with correct answers 2024/2025
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BMSC 230 Module 8How much energy does glycogen stores provide? - ANSAbout 24 hours worth of fuel in the form
of glucose
What is the major storage form of fuel in our bodies? - ANSFatty acids stored as triacylglycerol
in adipose tissues
What is the degradation of fatty acids called? - ANSB-oxidation
Why does b-oxidation generate more ATP than the oxidation of glucose? - ANSBecause fattya
kids are far more reduced, and thus possess more electrons to donate to the ETC
What does fatty acid degradation rely on? - ANSThe availability of oxygen
Why is glucose a more versatile energy source? - ANSBecause it can be metabolized under
aerobic or anaerobic conditions, whereas fatty acids always require oxygen
What is the basic nature of B-oxidation? - ANSIt is a repetitive process whereby long-chain fatty
acids are sequentially degraded to acetyl CoA, depending on the length of the fatty acid
What happens to acetyl CoA produced from B-oxidation? - ANSIt can directly enter the citric
acid cycle, since B-oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
What is produced during each cycle of B-oxidation? - ANSBoth NADH and FADH2, which can
generate electrons to th eETC
What is the first stage of fatty acid degradation? - ANSThey are derived from the breakdown of
triacylglycerol in adipose
What is the second stage of fatty acid degradation? - ANSThen th efatty acids arrive at a cell,
they are imported to the cytosol - so the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the
mitochondrial matrix where B-oxidaiton occurs is the second stage
What his the third stage of fatty acid breakdown? - ANSThe actual reactions of B-oxidation
What is the basic structure of a fatty acid? - ANSA long, hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic
acid group not eh end
What are commonly occurring lengths of fatty acids? - ANSFrom 12-20 carbons in length
, What is the nature of hydrocarbon chains? - ANSThey are very non polar, can be fully reduced,
or have some double bonds
What orientation do most double bonds in fatty acids have? - ANSMost are cis
What do cis double bonds mean? - ANSThat the substituents on each side of the double bond
are on the same side - this induces a kink in the chain
How are the carbons in fatty acids numbered? - ANSThe carboxyl terminal carbon is usually
aisnged to carbon 1
What are other names for carbon 2 and 3 in a fatty acid chain? - ANSThe alpha and beta
carbons, respectively
How is the position of the double bond denoted in the systematic name of a fatty acid? -
ANSWith a ∆ sign followed a number indicating the position of the first carbon that is part of the
double bond
What does each part of 18:1(∆9) mean? - ANSThat there are 18 carbons, 1 double bond with
the first participant in the double located at carbon 9
What is the methyl carbon end? - ANSThe Omega carbon
How are omega-3 fatty acids notated differently? - ANSThey are counted from the methyl
carbon end (The omega carbon)
What are omega3 fatty acids? - ANSWhere the double bond is between carbons 3 and 4
How are fatty acids stored? - ANSAs triacylglycerol, a neutral lipid, in adipose tissue.
Why is adipose tissue very important and necessary in our bodies? - ANSBecause it stores an
important fuel, and because it secretes small biomolecules called adipokines, which control
overall body metabolism and appetite
What type of adipose of most concern? - ANSVisceral adipose, which accumulates in the
abdomen around heart, liver and intestine in obese individuals
What is the structure of a triacylglycerol? - ANSA glycerol backbone to which three fatty acids
are attached via an ester bond
What must happen before fatty acids can be used by other organs in the body as fuel? -
ANSThey have to be cleaved off of triacylglycerol (or mobilized) by an enzyme called lipase,
and then released into the blood
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