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HMX Physiology Questions With Correct Solutions, Already Passed!!
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bicarbonate - HCO2, byproduct of body's metabolism. Blood brings to lungs and then it's exhaled as CO2. Kidneys help regulate albumin - family of globular proteins. main protein of human blood. water-soluble. binds water, cations, fatty acids, hormones, etc. negative oncotic pressure of blood a...

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  • August 20, 2024
  • 41
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • HMX Physiology
  • HMX Physiology

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HMX-Pharmacology
bladder - All filtrated by nephrons will be transported through the collecting duct into the renal
pelvis, draining filtrate out of the kidney into the ureter. Next, the filtrate enter the _________ and is
removed from the body



Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - binds to molecular target in the central nervous system and changes
the way the body senses pain



% molecular response vs concentration - Gradual increase which moves into a due plateau

Receptor occupancy is used to determine molecular response

Taken in a lab setting

This Is called a dose-response curve (DRC)



%Physiological response or % people responding vs dose of drug administered - In a clinical
setting

Gradual increase which moves into a due plateau

This called a drc: linear seal



%Physiological response or % people responding vs dose of drug administered - Plotted on a x log
scale

Can also show concentration of drug at molecular target vs molecular response

x=dose

Semi log plot

In a clinical setting

Curve is more compared and in sigmoidal shape

A range of dose



100% - If administrated intravenously, bioavailability is ___

,1800 - Diabetes=A child was expected to live only past a year after diagnosis

Symptoms found:

Weakness

Excessive urination

Sweet tasting urine

Constant thirst



38L - An adult male has 3L of plasma and ___ of other compartments (inerstitial, intracellular,
transcellular, fat)



38L - Other body compartment including bone, muscle and fat with ____



3L - An adult male has __ of plasma and 38L of other compartments (inerstitial, intracellular,
transcellular, fat)



41L - If Vd is higher than the total ____ body water volume in an average man, Vd is considerably
high



5L - Vascular includes the blood, with a ___



70 kg - The model for pharmacokinetics is male weighing _____



Absorption - as a drug is taken orally and flows through the esaphagus and into the GIT
(gestational tract)



Absorption - The flow of a drug from its site of administration to the bloodstream



Absorption - the movement of drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream

,Absorption - the movement of the site of administration to the bloodstream



afferent arteriole - Plasma enter the nephron via



affinity - Low selectivity = increase kd=low _______



Affinity - measure of the strength of drug-receptor bind and is indicated by the equilibrium
dissociation constant, or Kd



age, genetics, weight, sex, health status, and pregnancy - Factors which lead to pharmacokinetic
or pharmodynmics changes between individuals or in an individual over time include
_________________



agonist, antagonist - A drug or endogenous ligand can act act as _______ or an ___________ at a
receptors



Allogenic - T cell are created by patients own cell but engineered to help with any possible disease
presented in the body



anaphylactic shock - Immunological reaction can be immediate, patient goes into _____



Anesthesia - Induction of an awake to unconscious state



Antagonist - Stagnant or straight line

Does Not increase of decrease downward signal(molecular response)



antagonist - zero efficacy



Area under curve (AUC) - On graph, show the total exposure of drug to the body

, Basal - Submaximal

Stagnant or straight line



binding curve - Gradual increase which moves into a plateau due to maximum occupancy



Bioavailability - A large fraction of drug in the system circulation which create a high percentage



Bioavailability - Plasma drug/drug given



bioavailable - the amount of drug that is available in the systemic circulation



Biologics - Biological molecules = _________



Biologics - From natural sources

Growing group of drug modalities

Are less than 20% of the drugs on the market

Larger due to being complex structures



Biologics - Includes vaccines, proteins, antibodies, probiotics, and gene- and cell-based therapies



biotransformation - Through __________, drugs are metabolized into metabolites



blood vessel - If a drug is taken under the tongue, it is moved directly into the _____________ to
bypass the G1 tract. Drugs like nitroglycerin take this path



Blood- brain barriers - are is protection outside the brain have endothelial cell tight pactly
together

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