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NR 509 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024/25 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |A+ GRADE
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NR 509 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024/25 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |A+ GRADE
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NR 509 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024/25QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |A+ GRADE
Suspicious breast mass ANS: -A mobile mass that
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becomes fixed when the arm relaxes is attached to the ribs
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and intercostal muscles; if fixed when the hand is pressed
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against the hip, it is attached to the pectoral fascia.
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-Hard irregular poorly circumscribed nodules, fixed to the skin
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bor underlying tissues, strongly suggest cancer
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Risk for Breast cancer
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-family history of breast/ovarian CA
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- inherited genetic mutations,
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-personal history of breast cancer
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- high levels of endogenous hormones
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- breast tissue density
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- proliferative lesions with atypia on breast biopsy, - duration
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bof unopposed estrogen exposure related to early menarche
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-age of first full-term pregnancy
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- late menopause.
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- breastfeeding for less than 1 year,
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- postmenopausal obesity
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,-cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion, b b b b
- physical inactivity, and type of contraception.
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Characteristics of a breast cyst b b b b bbbbbbbbbb ANS: Soft to firm, round,
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mobile, often tender.
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The best way to examine the lateral portion of the breast
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ANS: -Have pt roll onto the opposite hip
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-place her hand on her forehead.
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- keep shoulders pressed against the bed
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-palpate in the axilla, moving in a straight line down to the bra
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bline, then move the fingers medially and palpate in a vertical
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bstrip up the chest to the clavicle. Continue in vertical
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boverlapping strips until you reach the nipple b b b b b b
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) ANS: -Caused by overgrowth of
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anaerobic bacteria (often from sex)
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- Discharge: Gray or white, thin, homogenous, malodorous,
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bcoats the vaginal walls, usually not profuse, may be minimal
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- Fishy/musty genital odor
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-Normal vulva and vaginal mucosa b b b b
-Scan saline wet mount for clue cells (epithelial cells with
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bstippled borders); sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH
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b("whiff test"); test the vaginal secretions for pH > 4.5
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, Candidal Vaginitis ANS: -Cause: Candida albicans, a yeast
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(normal overgrowth of vaginal flora); many factors
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predispose, including antibiotic therapy
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-Discharge: white and curdy, may be thin but usually thick, not
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bas profuse as trichomonal infection, not malodorous
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- vaginal soreness, pruritus, pain on urination, dyspareunia
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b(painful intercourse) b
-The vulva and surrounding skin are inflamed and sometimes
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bswollen to a variable extent; the vaginal mucosa is reddened,
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bwith white tenacious patches of discharge; the mucosa may
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bbleed when these patches are scraped off; in mild cases, the
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bmucosa looks normal b b
-Scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation for the
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bbranching hyphae of Candida b b b
Trichomonal Vaginitis ANS: -Trichomonas vaginalis, a
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protozoan; often but not always acquired sexually
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- Discharge:Yellowish green or gray, possibly frothy; often
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bprofuse and pooled in the vaginal fornix; may be malodorous
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-Pruritus (though not usually as severe as with Candida
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infection); pain on urination (from skin inflammation or
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bpossibly urethritis); dyspareunia
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-Vestibule and labia minora may be erythematous; the vaginal
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bmucosa may be diffusely reddened, with small red granular
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bspots or petechiae in the posterior fornix; in mild cases, the
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bmucosa looks normal b b
- Scan saline wet mount for trichomonads
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