NRNP 6645 - Midterm study guide Legal and ethical
considerations among individual, family, and group
modalities of therapy
Modeling and Role Modeling Theory - ANSWER Developed by Helen Erickson and
colleagues and provides an explanation of commonalities and differences amongst
people.
Maslow - ANSWER Theorist who proposed the Heirarchy of Needs that are a
framework for individual growth and development.
Role Modeling - ANSWER Process by which the nurse facilitates and nurtures the
individual in attaining, mainatining, and promoting health and idenifies the patient as
the expert in their own care.
Modeling - ANSWER The nurse's development of understanding of the patient's
world.
Imogene King - ANSWER Nursing pioneer that developed the "Theory of Goal
Attainment"
Theory of Goal Attainment - ANSWER A theory, proposed by Imogene King, that
explains the factors that impact goal attainment which are roles, stress, space, and
time.
Neuman's Systems Model - ANSWER A model of health that is described as "the
condition in which all part and subparts, or variables are in harmony with the whole
of the "client".
Employs 6 steps with specific categories of data about the patient. - ANSWER
Neuman's Systems Model
Self-Care Defecit Nursing Theory - ANSWER Developed by Dorthea E. Orem, the
theory guides that people should be self-reliant & responsible for their own care as
well as family and nursing is a form of action.
Relationship - ANSWER The foundation of psychiatric nursing that is the driver of
effective change interpersonally and impacts brain chemistry.
Resilience - ANSWER The ability of an idividual, family or community to cope with
adversity and trauma, and adapt to challenges through individual physical, emotional
and spiritual attributes and access to culture and social resources.
Resilient Zone (RZ) - ANSWER The bes physiological state for thinking clearly and
functioning well.
,High Zones and Low Zones - ANSWER When a traumatic event moves the patient
out of their resilient zone resulting in depression, sadness or fatigue (Low Zone) or
edginess, irritability or mania (Hight Zone).
Self Actualization - ANSWER According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need
that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is
achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential
Stress Diathesis Model of Psychiatric Disorders - ANSWER It is the recognition that
genetics and environment contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders.
Disorders that are the result of extreme stress or trauma. - ANSWER PTSD,
Reactive attachment disorder, actue stress disorder, adjustment disorder,
True or False: Telomeres (DNA protein structures) are shorter in the presence of
trauma - ANSWER True
What percent of adults in the world experience at least one traumatic event in their
lives? - ANSWER 70%
T or F: According to the WHO 50% of the adult population has experienced physical
abuse. - ANSWER F: 25%
Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) - ANSWER Explains the normal mechanims
of action for psychotherapy approaches which is that information is taken in through
the senses and connected adaptively to other memory networks so that storing and
learning occr.
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) - ANSWER Therapy that focuses on the
individual's thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors
Family therapy model - ANSWER Focus is on relationships and dynamics of the
family unit
Psychodynamic Therapy - ANSWER therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic
tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood
experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight
EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) therapy - ANSWER EMDR
therapy targets body, beliefs, images, and emotions to process trauma
T or F: Treatment Heirarchy refers to the order in which needs have to be met to
facilitate stabilization and processing. - ANSWER T: It aligns with Maslow's
Heirarchy of Needs
Stabilization - ANSWER Is the phase needed before processing can occur and
requires provision of safety and increasing the patient's resources to establish
balance.
, Processing - ANSWER Reflects access to all dimensions of memory: behaviors,
affect, sensations, cognitions, and beliefs associated with the trauma and leads to an
expansion of consciousness
Stage I of the Treatment Heirarchy - ANSWER Stabilization-Basic needs are met:
food, sleep, safety, security, case managment and work towards achieiving solid
state resiliency
Stage II of the Treatment Hierarchy Framework - ANSWER Processing
Stage III of the Treatment Hierarchy Framework - ANSWER Enhance Future
Visioning
Thalamus - ANSWER Acts as a relay station for the top-down, bottom-up neural
networks that connect the cortex to the limbic system. There is constant interaction
between the thalamus and the cortex, and all sensory information, except for smell,
which is routed through the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. Mediates the interaction
between attention and arousal and is therefore relevant to the phenomenology of
trauma.
T or F: Neuroimaging studies show decreased thalamic activity in subjects with
PTSD - ANSWER True
Cerebellum - ANSWER Just above the brainstem and helps coordinate motor,
social, emotional, and cognitive functioning. Processes implicit memory. The
cerebellar vermis is a worm-shaped structure between both parts of the cerebellum,
and helps regulate activity in the limbic system and is important for regulating
emotional balance, attention, and posture
Implicit Memory - ANSWER Memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on
consciously. involves motor or procedural memories, emotional memories, and
somatic memories that are most often formed earlier in development than explicit
memories
locus coeruleus - ANSWER Dense group of neurons found on both sides of the pons
in the brainstem between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, with projections to
the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus. Stress activates this
structure, which makes norepinephrine and stimulates sympathoadrenal medullary
(SAM) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stimulation, which
inhibits frontal cortex functions, allowing instinctual responses to override cognition.
Complex feedback loops during acute stress, if unchecked, can result in chronic
anxiety, fear, intrusive memories, and an increased risk for physical health problems,
such as hypertension, tachycardia, bladder infections, asthma, migraines,
fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, ulcers, and
sleep, thermoregulation, and eating disorders
Hippocampus - ANSWER Important for explicit memory, reality testing, and inhibiting
the amygdala. The amygdala organizes the emotional experiences and tells the
hippocampus what is important to retain. During heightened states of arousal the
amygdal and hippocampus disengage and impair learning.
